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Numerical Integration Presentation

The document discusses numerical integration methods for approximating definite integrals, specifically the Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s Rule, and the Midpoint Method. Each method is explained with its formula, error analysis, and comparative analysis regarding complexity and application. The conclusion highlights the trade-offs between accuracy and computational cost, with suggestions for future exploration in advanced techniques.

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8 views

Numerical Integration Presentation

The document discusses numerical integration methods for approximating definite integrals, specifically the Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s Rule, and the Midpoint Method. Each method is explained with its formula, error analysis, and comparative analysis regarding complexity and application. The conclusion highlights the trade-offs between accuracy and computational cost, with suggestions for future exploration in advanced techniques.

Uploaded by

2520
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numerical Integration:

Approximating Definite Integrals


Understanding Trapezoidal Rule,
Simpson’s Rule, and Midpoint
Method
Introduction to Numerical
Integration
• • Numerical integration approximates the
value of definite integrals where analytic
solutions are complex or unavailable.
• • Connection to Definite Integrals:
Approximating ∫ f(x) dx as area under a curve.
• • Why It’s Needed: Useful for real-world data
without closed-form solutions, crucial in
science and engineering.
The Trapezoidal Rule
• • Concept: Approximates the integral by
dividing the curve into trapezoids.
• • Formula: ∫ f(x) dx ≈ (h/2) [f(a) + 2Σf(x_i) +
f(b)]
• • Error Analysis: Error proportional to O(h²),
depends on the second derivative of f(x).
Simpson’s Rule
• • Concept: Uses parabolic segments for more
accurate approximation.
• • Formula (for even n): ∫ f(x) dx ≈ (h/3) [f(a) +
4Σf(odd x_i) + 2Σf(even x_i) + f(b)]
• • Error Analysis: Error proportional to O(h⁴),
depends on the fourth derivative of f(x).
Midpoint Method
• • Concept: Approximates integral using
rectangles, height from midpoints.
• • Formula: ∫ f(x) dx ≈ h Σf((x_{i-1} + x_i)/2)
• • Error Analysis: Error proportional to O(h²),
depends on the second derivative of f(x).
Comparative Analysis
• | Method | Formula Complexity | Error
Order | Computational Cost | Application |
• |-----------------|--------------------|-------------|-----
----------------|-----------------|
• | Trapezoidal Rule| Moderate | O(h²)
| Low | General |
• | Simpson’s Rule | Higher | O(h⁴) |
Moderate | High Accuracy |
• | Midpoint Method | Simple | O(h²)
| Low | Quick Estimates |
Practical Example
• • Example Integral: ∫ e^(-x²) dx from 0 to 1
• • Steps:
• 1. Divide into subintervals (e.g., n = 4).
• 2. Apply Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s Rule,
and Midpoint Method.
• 3. Compare results and errors.
Conclusion
• • Numerical methods effectively approximate
definite integrals with trade-offs between
accuracy and computational cost.
• • Simpson’s Rule offers higher accuracy but
greater complexity.
• • Future Exploration: Adaptive quadrature,
multidimensional integrals, and higher-order
methods.

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