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Image Processing Basics

The document provides an overview of image processing, defining key concepts such as images, pixels, and types of images including binary, grayscale, and true color. It discusses histogram creation and equalization techniques for image enhancement, as well as the concept of noise and its types. Additionally, it covers filtering methods like mean and median filters used to reduce noise in images.

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Iqnoor Singh
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5 views

Image Processing Basics

The document provides an overview of image processing, defining key concepts such as images, pixels, and types of images including binary, grayscale, and true color. It discusses histogram creation and equalization techniques for image enhancement, as well as the concept of noise and its types. Additionally, it covers filtering methods like mean and median filters used to reduce noise in images.

Uploaded by

Iqnoor Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Processing

What is image?
• Image is function f(x, y), where f(x, y) is the intensity value at position (x, y).

y f(x, y)

Image Ref: https://www.theamazingplantproject.com/blog/2018/9/21/apples-of-mabon


Basic Terminology
• Pixel: smallest element of information in an image

• Voxel: smallest distinguishable 3D pixel

• Contrast: difference between maximum and minimum


pixel intensity in an image
Types/ Size of image
• Binary Image • Grayscale Image • True color/RGB Image

• Pixel Value: 0/1 • Pixel Value:0-255 • Pixel Value: 0-255 (3 matrices)


• Size: x * y bits • Size: x * y * 8 bits • Size: x * y * 8 * 3 bits
Question
• Find the size of the image in ‘bytes’ with given matrix size 8*8; if the
image is:-
Ans: 8 bytes
a. Binary image
b. Grayscale image Ans: 64 bytes
c. True color image Ans: 192 bytes

• If the size of a true-color image is 6144 bits find the total no. of pixels
in the image.
Ans: 256 pixel
Histogram
• What is Histogram?
Grayscale value distribution showing the frequency of occurrence of each gray-level
value.
Splits the range of numbers into bins and plots the count within each bin as a bar.
Histogram Equalization
• Technique used to linearize the contrast profile of image by modifying the
intensity distribution of the histogram and results in image enhancement.

• Steps for Histogram Equalization


• Calculate histogram • Calculate CDF of histogram • Output image g( x, y)
Noise

• What is Noise?

Unwanted signal exhibited as a random variation of intensity in the


image.

Noise defined as a process (n) which affects the acquired image (f) and
is not actually the part of the scene (initial signal, s).

Additive noise model: f(i,j) = s(i,j) + n(i,j)


Types of Noise
• Salt & Pepper/ • Gaussian Noise • Poisson Noise • Speckle Noise
Impulse Noise
Filtering

p( x, y)=f(a, b, c, d, e ,f, g, h, p)
Types of Filtering Noisy Image Filtered Image

• Mean Filter

• Median Filter
THE END

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