Introduction

Johann Friedrich Herbart

-German philosopher and
educator.
-his pedagogical system,
known as Herbartianism,
emphasizes a structured
approach to teaching that
promotes meaningful
 Herbertianism
Five Formal Steps of Herbertian
Teaching
• Herbart’s method consists of five formal
steps, each designed to build upon the
previous one to ensure comprehensive
understanding and retention of new
material.
 Herbatianism
1. Preparation

• A process of relating new material to

relevant past ideas or memories to give
a vital interest in the topic.
Ex. review of the past lesson/motivation
-connecting a new math concept to a
previously learned one to show its
 Herbatianism
1. Preparation

• Grabs interest • Leads to learning

• Access prior objective
• knowledge
Involves • Helps transfer
participation learning
 Herbatianism
2. Presentation

• Present new material using concrete

objects or actual experiences
Ex. lesson proper/discussion
-using physical objects to teach
mathematical concepts or historical
events.
 Herbatianism
2. Preparation

• Concrete to abstract • Specific to general

• Get some new idea • Student should be
the active
participant
 Herbatianism
3. Association

• Assimilate the new idea through

comparison with former ideas,
considering
Ex. their similarities.
integration
-Comparing and contrasting new scientific
theories with existing knowledge
 Herbatianism
3. Association

• Thorough knowledge of the

• lesson
Lessons are interrelated
• Generalization is induced to the
students
 Herbatianism
4. Generalization

• Develop the mind beyond the level of

perception and the concrete
Ex. generalization
-Encouraging students to form general
principles based on their observation and
comparisons.
 Herbatianism
4. Generalization

• Activities arrived at concluding

• statementtermed this step as
Herbart
• system
Formulation of principles and rules
 Herbatianism
5. Application

• Used acquired knowledge in a way that

every learned idea becomes part of the
functional mind and aids in a clear, vital
interpretation of life.
Ex. real-world application
 Herbatianism
4. Generalization

• Applies new idea, making it as his

• own concept in everyday life
Apply
• Concept should be practically
implemented
 Conclusion

• Herbart’s systematizing teaching

method provides a structured framework
for educators to facilitate effective
learning.
• By following these five steps, teachers can
help students build a strong foundation of
knowledge, develop critical thinking skills,
and apply their learning in meaningful ways.
Thank You!
 Introduction
Friedrich Froebel
-a German educator who
founded the kindergarten
movement revolutionizing
early childhood education.
-this approach emphasized the
importance of play, creativity, and
self-activity in the development of
young children.
 Key Principles
Play and Activity

• Froebel believed that play was essential

for children’s learning and development.
• He established the “Play and Activity
Institute” in 1838, which later become
known as the first kindergarten.
• Children should be nurtured and
nurtured “like a plants in a garden”.
• Games and playing are typical and
essential forms of life.
• Activities included singing, dancing
and self-directed play.
 Key Principles
Growth and Nurturing

• Froebel compared children to plants in a

garden, emphasizing the need to nurture
and care for them to help them grow.
• He also the concept of “Free-Arbeit”.
-this can be translated into “free-
work”
-children were allowed to work on
things by themselves.
-aside from practicing their
concentration and resilience this
allows them to also learned
engineering, logic, and physics.
 Key Principles
Educational Gifts

• Froebel introduced a set of educational

toys known as “Froebel Gifts”, which
included objects like balls, blocks, and
sticks designed to help children
recognized patterns and forms found in
nature.
• The Froebel gift is a set of 20 objects
such as balls, blocks, and sticks.
-this is carefully designed to help
the children.
 Impact and
Legacy
Global Influence

• Froebel’s ideas spread rapidly, and

kindergarten were established
worldwide. His methods laid the
foundation for modern early childhood.
• During the Prussian government
they prohibited women to be
• politically
Some of active.
them are who runs a
kindergarten on their own was seem
to be
• All problematic.
schools that follow Froebel’s idea
was banned.
• However, one of his student was
able to established a kindergarten in
United States.
 Impact and
Legacy
Educational Reform

• Froebel’s emphasis on play and

creativity influenced educational
practices and highlighted the importance
of early childhood development.
• After a year of his idea being
banned Froebel passed away.
• However his idea was able to spread
all around the world influencing
Maria Montessori, Rudolf Steiner and
many others who set out to innovate
formal education.
 Conclusion

“Play is the highest expression of human

development in childhood, for it alone is
the free expression of what is in a child’s
soul”
 Conclusion

• Friedrich Froebel’s kindergarten

movement has had a lasting impact on
education, promoting the idea that
children learn best through play and
self-directed activities.
Thank You!