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map design1

The document provides an overview of color theory and its application in map design, including definitions of primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, as well as color models like RGB and CMY. It discusses qualitative and quantitative color conventions, visual variables, and the use of patterns and typography in map design. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of balance in organizing map elements effectively.

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Mariam Kariam
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3 views

map design1

The document provides an overview of color theory and its application in map design, including definitions of primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, as well as color models like RGB and CMY. It discusses qualitative and quantitative color conventions, visual variables, and the use of patterns and typography in map design. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of balance in organizing map elements effectively.

Uploaded by

Mariam Kariam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

Map Designing

Colour
• It is defined as "an attribute of things that
results from the light they reflect, transmit, or
emit in so far as this light causes a visual
sensation that depends on its wavelengths“.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Primary Colours
• These colours are the three colours that can
not be created by mixing other colours. The
colours are red, blue and yellow.
Secondary Colours
• These colours consist of two primary colours
mixed together. The three colours secondary
colours are purple
red + blue = purple
red + yellow = orange
yellow + blue = green
Tertiary Colours
• These colours are made by mixing a primary colours
with an adjacent secondary colours.
 yellow + orange = yellow-orange
 red + orange = red-orange
 red + purple (violet) = red-purple (red-violet)
 blue + purple (violet) = blue-purple (blue-violet)
 blue + green = blue-green
 yellow + green = yellow-green
MODELS FOR SPECIFYING COLOR
Colour Models
• A COLOR MODEL is a specification of a color
coordinate system and the subset of visible
colors in this coordinate system.
The additive colour system
The
RGB
colour
model
The RGB colour model
The subtractive colour system
BGR G+R=Y

-B
BGR B+R=M

-G
BGR G

-B -R
The CMY colour model

The Relation
between RGB
and CMY

C=1-R
M=1-G
Y=1-B

Perception and Design 15


White
255,255,255
TERMINOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES IN

THE PRACTICAL USE OF COLOR


Color Wheel
Color wheels are graphical
devices that allow us to see
relationships between colors.
The colors in a color wheel can
be arranged in just about any
order, but they normally
follow a general progression
of hues as taken from the
visible portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum.
Terminologies
• Tints, Shades, and Tones
• Qualitative Color Conventions
• Quantitative Color Conventions
Qualitative Color Conventions
A color convention is a method of using a
color that is commonly used and which is
typically successful when symbolizing
certain types of map features in particular
situations.
Quantitative Color Conventions
• Sequential color scheme
• A monochromatic sequential schemepart-
spectral sequential color scheme
• Rainbow color scheme
• diverging color scheme
Visual variables
• Primary visual variables
– Shape
– Size
– Orientation
– Hue (colour)
– Value (colour)
– chroma (colour)
• Secondary visual variables
– Arrangement (pattern)
– Texture (pattern)
– Orientation (pattern)

Perception and Design 23


Primary visual variables

The primary visual


variables with
some examples of
their simple
application to the
classes of symbols.
From Robinson, et al., 1995

Perception and Design 24


Secondary visual variables

The secondary visual variables with some examples of their simple


application to the basic graphic elements.
From Robinson, et al., 1995

Perception and Design 25


Classes of symbols
• Point-emphasising symbols
• Line-emphasising symbols
• Area-emphasising symbols
• Volume-emphasising symbols

Perception and Design 26


Classes of
symbols (cont.)

Some examples of the


four classes of
symbols (point-, line-,
area-, and volume-
emphasising) and how
they might be used for
a few of the kinds of
qualitative and
quantitative data.
From Robinson, et al., 1995

Perception and Design 27


Patterns
• Commonly used as a qualitative area symbol
for depicting area features.
• Also used to add graphic distinctiveness to
uniformly coloured areas, especially on maps
with a large number of classes.

Perception and Design 28


Categories of patterns
• Coarse line patterns
• Dot patterns
• Pictographic patterns
• Reversed patterns

Perception and Design 29


Categories of patterns

An assortment of
common line,
dot, pictographic,
and reversed
patterns.
From Robinson, et al., 1995

Perception and Design 30


Use of patterns

A simple monochrome map contrasting the use of parallel line and


dot patterns. Line patterns are perceptually unstable, and all but
the finest textures should be used with caution.
From Robinson, et al., 1995

Perception and Design 31


Typography and lettering the map
• Elements of typographic design
– Type style (typeface)
– Type form (style)
– Type size - measured by points (1 point = 1/72” 
0.35mm)
– Type colour
• Lettering the map
– Positioning

Perception and Design 32


Type style
Normal Italic Bold Bold Italic

Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman Times Roman

Helvetica Helvetica Helvetica Helvetica

Courier Courier Courier Courier

Bookman Bookman Bookman Bookman


Century Gothic Century Gothic Century Gothic Century Gothic

Comic Sans Comic Sans Comic Sans Comic Sans

Sans Serif Sans Serif Sans Serif Sans Serif

Perception and Design 33


Type form

Arial Arial Black

Arial Italic Arial Black Italic

Arial Bold Arial Narrow


Arial Bold Italic Arial Narrow Italic

Arial Narrow Bold

Arial Narrow Bold Italic

Perception and Design 34


Lettering the map

Comparison between inappropriately positioning type (left) and


good design practice (right).
From Robinson, et al., 1995
Perception and Design 35
Balance
• Balance involves the organization of the map
and other elements on the page.
• Balance results from two primary factors:
visual weight
visual direction
Which of the below six maps seems most balanced?

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