ELECTRIC MOTORS

Objectives:

1. Define electric motor.

2. Identify the uses of electric motor.
3. Value the importance of electric motor
in our daily life.
Directions: Rearrange the letters to form a word(s) that
will best describe the pictures of the different sources of
energy.

1. BOI FEUL ___________________

2. IWDN
_____________

3. RTEAW _____________
4. HETA ___________

5. SOLRA _______________
Directions. Below are objects normally found at
home. List down which has an electric motor.
Write your answer on the board.
1. What are those materials with electric
motors?

2. What are those materials which do not have

electric motors?

3. Describe the materials with electric motors.

4. Describe the materials without electric

motors.

5. What do you think is the role of the electric

motor in the materials/appliances?
Electric Motors

• Anything that changes electricity

into motion, from electrical energy
into mechanical energy.
Most motors are powered using direct
current (DC), which is produced by
cells and batteries.

Motors powered by mains electricity use

alternating current (AC). These motors
use electromagnets rather than
permanent magnets.
Electric and Magnetic Fields

• Danish physicist HANS CHRISTIAN

ØRSTED began a new scientific era when he
discovered that electricity and magnetism
are linked. He showed by experiment that an
electric current flowing through a wire could
move a nearby magnet.

• The discovery of ELECTROMAGNETISM set

the stage for the eventual development of
our modern technology-based world.
How do Electric Motors work?

• Motors work through the principles of

ELECTROMAGNETISM. If you run electricity
through a wire, it creates a magnetic field. If
you coil the wire around a rod and run electricity
through the wire, it creates a magnetic field
around the rod. One end of the rod will have a
north magnetic pole and the other will have a
south pole.
• Opposite poles attract one another, like poles
repel. When you surround that rod with other
magnets, the rod will rotate from the attractive
and repulsive forces.
Parts of an electric motor
• Stator - Every electric motor has two essential
parts; one stationary, and one that rotates.
The stationary part is the stator. Though
configurations vary, the stator is most often a
permanent magnet or row of magnets lining
the edge of the motor casing, which is usually
a round plastic drum.
• Rotor - inserted into the stator is the rotor,
usually consisting of copper wire wound into a
coil around an axle. When electric current
flows through the coil, the resulting magnetic
field pushes against the field created by the
stator, and makes the axle spin.
• Commutator
1. BASICS – An electric motor has another important
component, the commutator, which sits at one end of
the coil. It is a metal ring divided into two halves. It
reverses the electrical current in the coil each time the
coil rotates half a turn. The commutator periodically
reverses the current between the rotor and the external
circuit, or the battery. This ensures that the ends of coils
do not move in opposite directions, and ensures that the
axle spins in one direction.
2. MAGNETIC POLES – BRUSHES AND TERMINALS.
At one end of the motor are the brushes and the
terminals. They are at the opposite end from where the
rotor exits the motor casing. The brushes send electrical
current to the commutator and are typically made of
graphite. The terminals are the locations where the
battery attaches to the motor and sends the currents to
spin the rotor.
Difference between the AC Motor and the
DC Motor

•In the AC Motor, the source of power is AC mains

supply whereas in DC motor power is obtained from
batteries.
•In AC motors no commutators and brushes are used
whereas in DC motors these play an important part in
their operation.
• In AC motors the armature is stationary and the
magnetic field rotates whereas in DC motors it is vice
versa.
• AC motors are suitable for large industrial
applications whereas DC motors are suitable for
domestic applications.
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC MOTOR

• Electric motors are extremely important in

modern-day life. They are used in food
processors, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers,
computer printers, fax machines, video
recorders, machine tools, printing presses,
automobiles, subway systems, sewage
treatment plants, and water pumping stations,
to mention only a few applications.
 GENERATOR

• A generator converts Mechanical Energy

to Electrical Energy.
• It produces an electric current when a
coil of wire is wrapped around an iron
core and rotated near a magnet.
How does a generator work?

An electric generator is a device that

converts mechanical energy obtained
from an external source into electrical
energy as the output.
 Principle of Electromagnetic Induction
in Generator

• Modern generators can be attributed to Michael

Faraday’s principle of ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.
Faraday discovered that when a conductor moves in a
magnetic field, electrical charges could be created and
directed to create a flow of current.

• At its most basic, an electrical generator is nothing more

than an electromagnet – moving wire near a magnet to
direct the flow of electricity. It’s similar to how a pump
pushes water through a pipe.
• It is important to understand that a generator does not
actually “create” electrical energy. Instead, it uses the
mechanical energy supplied to it to force the movement
of electric charges present in the wire of its windings
through an external electric circuit.

• This flow of electric charges constitutes the output

electric current supplied by the generator. This
mechanism can be understood by considering the
generator to be similar to a water pump, which causes
the flow of water but does not actually create the water
flowing through it.
 How water, wind, and steam make
electricity through generator?
1. Water – Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling
water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic
energy of the falling water into mechanical energy. Then a
generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into
electrical energy.
2. Wind - The wind turns the blades of the windmill, known as
the turbine, which, in turn, spins the shaft that turns the coil
inside the magnet, known as the generator, and it produces the
electricity.
3. Fossil Fuel/Steam/Heat - Oil is burned to heat water which
makes steam. Steam moves the turbine blades that turn a shaft
inside the generator. The shaft spins the coil of wire inside a
magnet in the generator that produces a current of electricity.
 A DC generator is an electrical machine which
converts mechanical energy into direct current
electricity.
What are the main components of a DC
generator?
1. Stator - The main function of the stator is to
provide magnetic fields where the coil spins. A
stator includes two magnets with opposite
polarity facing each other. These magnets are
located to fit in the region of the rotor.

2. Rotor - A rotor in a DC machine includes

slotted iron laminations with slots that are
stacked to shape a cylindrical armature core.
The function of the lamination is to decrease the
loss caused due to “Eddy Current”.
3. Commutator - A commutator works like a
rectifier that changes AC voltage to DC voltage
within the armature winding. It is designed with a
copper segment, and each copper segment is
protected from each other with the help of mica
sheets. It is located on the shaft of the machine.
4. Brushes – The Brushes are in constant contact
with the commutator and are attached to the
wires leading from the generator. The
commutator spins while the brushes remain
stationary, transferring current from the
commutator.
5. Shaft – The shaft transfers mechanical energy
to the generator and turns the coil through the
magnetic field. The shaft may
Difference between the AC Generator and
the DC Generator

• AC generator produces AC electrical power

whereas DC generator produces DC electrical
power
• In DC generator the current flows in one direction
whereas in the AC generators current reverses
periodically.
• In DC generator split rings are used they wear out
quickly in AC generator slip rings are used, so
they have high efficiency.
• AC generators are used for small domestic
applications whereas DC generators used to
power large motors.
What are the top Uses of Generator?

Back -Up power for your house

• Stand-by power for businesses
• Temporary power in a construction site
• Permanent power to a farm
• Helping main source of electricity to supply the
total power required
• Pop concerts, events, and exhibitions
• Caravans/Camping in remote locations Outdoor
catering facilities