Scribd
Upload
8 views24 pages

Renal Disorder

The document provides an overview of various renal disorders, including renal calculi, nephroptosis, cystitis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, uremia, and renal hypertension. It outlines their causes, symptoms, preventive measures, and treatment options. Key treatments include medications, surgery, and lifestyle modifications to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Uploaded by

supriyayadav6045
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views24 pages

Renal Disorder

The document provides an overview of various renal disorders, including renal calculi, nephroptosis, cystitis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, uremia, and renal hypertension. It outlines their causes, symptoms, preventive measures, and treatment options. Key treatments include medications, surgery, and lifestyle modifications to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Uploaded by

supriyayadav6045
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

PRESENTATION

RENAL
DISORDER
GROUP - C
Calculi
1. Renal Calculi, also called Kidney Stones, are a solid mass of crystals
that block the urinary tract.
2. Primarily formed when calcium and oxalate coalesce.
3. Originates in the kidney and exits through urinary system.

Signs and Symptoms of Renal Calculi


4. Pain in the lower abdomen
5. Brown, Red and Pink Urine, Foul-smelling urine, Cloudy Urine
6. Experiencing pain during urination
7. Vomiting and Nausea
8. Severe pain in the ribs
9. Discharge of blood in the urine
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
● Moderate intake of
calcium.
● Limit consumption of soft
drinks and sodium.
● Increase intake of fluid
and citric acid.
● Avoid intake of vitamins
and minerals in large
dosages.

TREATMENT:
Allopurinol
Surgery
Nephroptosis
1. increased mobility in the
kidneys.
2. People with nephroptosis have
kidneys that move downward
out of their normal position
when they stand up
3. The condition of floating or
dropped kidneys is called
nephroptosis.

Causes : Childbirth, pregnancy,


sudden weight loss, injury to
abdomen or spinal column,
frequent or intense exercise, etc.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS TREATMENT :

● Hysteria ● Noninvasive Treatments:


● Anxiety weight gain and abdominal
● Weight loss strengthening exercises
● UTIs ( Urinary Tract Infections ) ● Surgical Options: If symptoms
● kidney pain persist, surgery may be
● severe flank pain that comes and considered to fix the kidney in
goes place using various techniques.
● blood in the urine ● Laparoscopic Renal Fixation:
● abnormally rapid heart rate minimally invasive technique but
● producing only small amounts of is not yet standardized due to the
urine low frequency of the procedure.
Cystitis
1. Inflammation of the urinary
bladder caused by an
infection that typically
spreads from urethra.
2. More common in women than
in men
3. Can be serious in case the
infection spreads to kidney

Causative Agent :
Bacteria which enters the urethra and
bladder and starts to multiply
Symptoms :
● Frequent Urination
● Dysuria (painful urination)
● Hematuria (blood in urine)
● Sense of pressure in Pelvic area
● Chills and fever (in severe
cases)

Preventions :
Maintain utmost hygiene to avoid
infections

Treatment :
Sulpha drugs or antibiotics are usually
prescribed to combat bacterial
Pyelitis
1. Inflammation of the renal pelvis, usually caused by bacteria or other
infections
2. Bacteria enters the pelvis through urinary tract
3. More common in women
4. Maybe Acute, Sub-Acute or Chronic

Symptoms :
- Acute Pyelitis - feeling of sickness (general body soreness, uneasiness) ,
backache or severe pain in areas around kidney, burning urination as
well as high fever

Causative Agent : Escherichia coli

a. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) generally begins in urethra and travels


Figure: Urinary tract infection (UTI): White blood cells in the urine of someone
with a UTI, seen under a microscope.
Pyelonephritis
1. Inflammation of the renal pelvis and medullary tissues of the kidney
2. Can be either acute or chronic
3. Usually affects the counter current mechanism in the medulla
4. Affected person has inability to concentrate the urine

Symptoms :
- Frequent and painful urination, pain in the lumbar area, nausea and
vomitting, flank pains, and pyuria.
Causative Agent : E.coli
Treatment : ( both pyelitis and pyelonephritis )
Can be treated with oral cephalosporins, quinolones, or TMP-SMX.

Note: Pyelitis together with nephritis is collectively known as pyelonephritis.


Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of
the glomeruli, the kidney's filtering units
responsible for removing waste and
excess fluids from the blood. It can be
acute (sudden onset) or chronic
(developing over time).

Causes:

● Infections (e.g., post-streptococcal


infections)
● Autoimmune diseases (e.g., lupus,
IgA nephropathy)
● Diabetes and hypertension
Symptoms:

● Hematuria (blood in urine)


● Proteinuria (protein in urine)
● Swelling (edema) in the face, hands,
and feet
● High blood pressure

Diagnosis & Treatment:

● Diagnosed via blood tests, urine tests,


kidney biopsy, and imaging
● Treatment depends on the cause and
may include steroids,
immunosuppressants, blood pressure
control, and in severe cases, dialysis or
kidney transplant
Uremia
1. Declining renal function and is characterized by fluid overload, electrolyte
imbalances, metabolic abnormalities, and physiological changes.
2. The term "uremia" literally means "urine in the blood," which develops most
commonly in chronic and end-stage renal disease

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

● Uremic frost (whitish urea crystals deposited on the skin)


● Uremic fetor (urine-like odor of the breath)
● Pulmonary edema (rales, decreased breath sounds at lung bases)
● Severe hypertension
● Facial swelling
● Papilledema(optic disc swells)
TREATMENT :

Dialysis: Start for symptomatic uremia


unresponsive to treatment (e.g., nausea,
vomiting, acidosis).
Transplant: Preferred over dialysis; refer early
(GFR 20–30) for better survival.
Preparation: Plan months ahead; start based on
symptoms, not just GFR.
CKD Care: Manage anemia,
hyperparathyroidism, and follow a restricted diet
(low potassium, phosphate, sodium, protein).
Medications: Avoid nephrotoxins (NSAIDs,
aminoglycosides), monitor potassium-related
drugs, and prefer MRI over contrast imaging.
RENAL HYPERTENSION
● Renal hypertension or renovascular hypertension
is high blood pressure caused by the narrowing of
your arteries that carry blood to your kidneys.
● sometimes called renal artery stenosis.
● Due to kidney ischaemia, they react by making a
hormone(RAAS) that makes your blood pressure rise.
What is high blood pressure?
● Blood pressure is the force of blood against your artery walls as your
heart pumps blood through your body.
● A reading of 120/80 mmHg, or “120 over 80,” is normal, 140/90 mmHg
or above is considered high blood pressure.
RAAS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
● High blood pressure that is not controlled on three or
more medications at their maximum doses, including
a diuretic.
● High blood pressure at a young age.

Narrowing of arteries, this can’t be felt until it’s


dangerously high blood pressure.

TREATMENT :
● Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.
● Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).
● Surgical Treatment (revascularization)
THANK YOU !

You might also like