Migration: Defined

• Movement of people from one geographic location

to another that involves crossing a boundary during a
given time interval with the intention to change
residence
- International migration (across
countries)
- Internal migration (within a country)
Defining Migration
• A form of geographic or spatial mobility involving permanent change in
residence between specifically designated political or statistical areas or
between type of residence areas i.e. rural to urban, urban to rural (USC,
2009; Siegel and Swanson, 2004)

• Two broad types:

- international migration refers to the movement across national
boundaries: emigration from the standpoint of the country from
which the movement occurs and immigration from the standpoint
of the receiving country
- internal migration refers to migration within the boundaries of a
country
 Historical Migration Patterns
• Internal migration in the country has been historically dynamic

1965-1970 1975-1980
Historical Migration Patterns
1985-1990
 1995-2000
• Region IVA became
the destination of
most migrants with
significantly large
CALABARZO
N proportion coming
from Metro Manila

METRO
MANILA
Internal Migration Data
• Approximately 2.9 million Filipinos who changed
residence between 2005 and 2010 (PSA)
• 50.4% were long distance movers (had changed
province)
• 45.4 % were short distance movers (had changed city)
• 4.2 % were international immigrants
• The main destination for long-distance movers is
Calabarzon, which absorbed 27.7% of them, followed
by Metro Manila (19.7%) and Central Luzon (13%)
(Philippines Statistics Authority 2012)
 Migration Data from 2010 CPH
Place of Residence in 2005
(Figures are in thousand)

Same City/ Different City/

Household Municipality as in Municipality but the Different Province Foreign
Population 2010 same Province as in as that in 2010 Country
Region of Residence 5 Years and 2010 Not
Over Report
ed
(Non-Movers) (Domestic Short- (Domestic Long (Immigrants)
distance Movers) Distance Movers)

Philippines 81,866 78,987 1,300 1,442 120 17

National Capital Region 10,624 10,121 200 284 19 1
CAR 1,442 1,383 26 28 5 *
I-Ilocos Region 4,248 4,149 37 46 16 *
II-Cagayan Valley 2,881 2,821 29 23 7 *
III-Central Luzon 9,044 8,705 135 188 15 *
IVA-CALABARZON 11,216 10,572 226 400 18 *
IVB-MIMAROPA 2,400 2,340 28 29 2 *
V-Bicol Region 4,748 4,625 55 63 5 *
VI-Western Visayas 6,351 6,220 77 46 8 *
VII-Central Visayas 6,033 5,821 131 73 8 *
VIII-Eastern Visayas 3,611 3,508 44 56 3 *
IX-Zamboanga Peninsula 2,990 2,925 39 23 2 *
X-Northern Mindanao 3,775 3,652 73 47 3 *
XI-Davao 3,938 3,806 73 55 4 *
XII-SOCCSKARGEN 3,614 3,516 54 39 3 2
XIII-Caraga 2,136 2,061 35 39 1 *
 INTER-REGIONAL MIGRATION,
2005-2010
Receiving Regions
• REGION III
• REGION IVA
• REGION VII
• CAR
• REGION XI
• CARAGA

Source: Small Working Group on Migration of

the Inter-Agency Committee on Population
Projections for the 2010 CPH based
population projections
 INTER-REGIONAL MIGRATION,
2005-2010
Sending Regions
• NCR • REGION VIII
• REGION I • REGION IX
• REGION II • REGION X
• REGION IVB • REGION XII
• REGION V • ARMM
• REGION VI

Source: Small Working Group on Migration of

the Inter-Agency Committee on Population
Projections for the 2010 CPH based
population projections
Other Internal Migration Data
• In 2010, 41.9 million of Filipinos lived in urban areas
(Philippines Statistics Authority 2013)
• Rural and agricultural poverty has driven internal
migrants to seek opportunities in urban areas (IOM
2013, cited in PIDS, 2014)
• Agriculture’s share in total employment declined
from 43% to 27.7% between 1991 and 2017 (World
Bank 2018), and its contribution to the country’s
GDP dropped from 23.2% in 1990 to 13.9% in 2010
(IOM 2013) and 9% in 2017 (Philippines Statistics
Authority 2017) (cited in PIDS, 2014)
Internal Migration Data
• 52% of working-age migrants are aged 20-39 (2000
CPH)
• 46% of migrants are single or unmarried, and 24% of
migrants have at least graduated from high school (2000
CPH)
• High volume of internal migrants caused the increased
number of informal settlements in the cities
• Informal settlers in the Philippines has increased from
4.1% of total urban population in 2003 to 5.4% in
2012
• 1.3 million were in Metro Manila alone (World Bank
2017a)
 Migration and Climate Change
• An archipelago of 7,107 islands with high levels of
climactic variation, the Philippines is one of the 12
countries in the world most vulnerable to disasters and
the effects of climate change (Germanwatch 2017,
UNICEF 2012)
• Natural calamities affected 109 million people
between 1980 and 2009 and 60% of the Philippines’
1,500 municipalities and 120 cities are located along
coastal shores (UNICEF 2012).
• In 2013, the Visayas region was devastated by
typhoon Yolanda, displacing over 4 million (Norwegian
Refugee Council 2013b)
Migration as a Population Process
Development Processes
Population Outcomes Production and consumption of goods and services
(e.g. food, health, housing, education)
Savings/Investment
Population size Human capital utilization (labor)
Age-sex structure Physical capital utilization (land, capital, technology)
Spatial distribution Natural resource utilization
Public expenditures, etc.

Development Outcomes
Population Processes
Income/Income distribution
Fertility Employment
Mortality Educational Status
Migration Health/Nutritional status
Environmental sustainability
Migration and Population
Outcomes
• Variations in mobility rates and migration patterns and
its potential for rapid changes in population outcomes
i.e. size of the population, age and sex composition and
spatial distribution have significant impact on how the
social, economic and other services are to be configured
to cope with such changes albeit scarce local resources

• This puts emphasis on the need to have tangible

information about migrants (both in and out) and to
have the mechanism to update, monitor and utilize such
information sustainably
 Migration and
85+ Population
80-84
75-79 Outcomes
70-74
Male 65-69 Female
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4

Population Pyramid: Infant and Child

 Migration and
85+
80-84
Population
75-79
70-74
Outcomes
Male 65-69 Female
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4

Population Pyramid: School-Age Population

 Migration and
85+
80-84
Population
75-79
70-74
Outcomes
Male 65-69 Female
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4

Population Pyramid: Dependent Population

 Migration and
Population
85+
80-84
75-79
70-74 Outcomes
65-69
Male Female
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4

Population Pyramid: Working Age Population

 85+
Migration and
80-84 Population
75-79
70-74 Outcomes
65-69
Male Female
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4

Population Pyramid: Women of Reproductive Age

 Migration and
85+
80-84
Population
75-79
70-74
Outcomes
Male 65-69
Female
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4

Population Pyramid: Adolescent

 Migration, Population Outcomes and
Changing Requirements Changes in age
Education
composition
Health Employment represent
Adolescent changing
Requirement per person

Health
requirements,
opportunities &
constraints for
the
Maternal Health
development of
the family, the
community and
society
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Age
Why People Move?
• Push and Pull Factors
• Push factors: exist at the point of origin, trigger out-
migration
• Pull factors: exist at the point of destination, trigger in-
migration
Destination:
Perceived available
jobs, high pay,
Origin: stable income,
No opportunities; better life
there is support to
migrate; too
congested
2018 National Migration Survey
Emerging Internal Migration Concerns
Filipinos are highly mobile
- For major receiving and sending areas, the change in their
population due to migration will mean ever changing service
requirement
- For economically driven migration, there will be implications to a
receiving LGU’s capacity to generate jobs and balance this to the needs
of the locals and the migrants
- Housing-related movement will put pressure to an LGU’s land-use and
spatial planning to make sure that it can respond in both policy and
programs to optimize economic benefit of these movements and
minimize its social cost
- Receiving LGUs need to assess their absorptive capacity for in-migration
Emerging Internal Migration Concerns
Migration by the educated and the affluent
- Socio-economic conditions of LGUs can also be changed
overnight
- Receiving LGUs are seen as winners for getting economically stable and
educated migrants
- Sending LGUs are losing the productive portion of their population,
most migrants belong to the younger working age-group, the sending
LGUs must study the negative impact of migration to their age-structure
- Regional inequity is further exacerbated when receiving areas
have a boost in their productive portion of population creating a
condition ripe for demographic dividend while sending LGUs
experiences the opposite
Emerging Internal Migration Concerns
Migration and the Local Government
- For LGUs, there is a need to implement a tracking
mechanism for population movement to efficiently
inform planning particularly in estimating service
requirements and development planning
 Tracking of Internal Migration

• Urban Development and Housing Act (RA 7279), enacted in

1992, provides for:
- comprehensive and continuing urban development and housing
program
- Establishment of mechanism for its implementation

• UDHA Law, mandates local government units (LGUs) in

collaboration with relevant agencies such as POPCOM, NEDA,
NSO (PSA), etc. to set up an effective mechanism to monitor
movements of the population, from rural to urban, urban to
urban and urban to rural areas
Legal Base: Republic Act 7160
(Local Government Code of 1991)
• Mandates the Barangay Secretary to keep an updated
records of all inhabitants of the barangay containing
information such as: name, address, place and date of
birth, sex, civil status, citizenship, occupation and such
other items of information as may be prescribed by law or
ordinance (Section 394 d (6))
Legal Base: DILG Memo Circular 2008-144
• Reiteration of Memo No. 2005 re: Maintenance and
Updating of Records of all Inhabitants in the Barangay
• Purpose of Maintaining and Updating of List of
Inhabitants - Formulate an efficient system of
keeping the records of inhabitants in all barangays:
- For ease of identification of inhabitants
- As tool in planning
- As an updated reference for the number of inhabitants in
a barangay
 Thank you!
Commission on Population and Development
Welfareville Compound, Acacia Lane, Mandaluyong City
Telephone Nos.: (632) 531-7051; (632) 531-6805
Fax: (632) 533-5122

Website: http://popcom.gov.ph
Twitter and Instagram: @OfficialPOPCOM