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2 Recombinant DNA Students Copy 3

Recombinant DNA technology has various applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food industry, including the development of genetically modified crops like Bt corn that are resistant to pests and the production of human insulin for diabetics. Key bacteria used in this technology include Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which facilitate gene transfer and crop improvement. Additionally, recombinant DNA is utilized to enhance food quality, increase crop yields, and create vaccines and diagnostic tests.

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6 views

2 Recombinant DNA Students Copy 3

Recombinant DNA technology has various applications in agriculture, medicine, and the food industry, including the development of genetically modified crops like Bt corn that are resistant to pests and the production of human insulin for diabetics. Key bacteria used in this technology include Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which facilitate gene transfer and crop improvement. Additionally, recombinant DNA is utilized to enhance food quality, increase crop yields, and create vaccines and diagnostic tests.

Uploaded by

taha.ali3735
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Recombinant DNA

GENBIO 2 Module 2
Applications of Recombinant DNA

American researcher Steven Howell and his associates at the


University of California in San Diego tried to isolate the gene for
luciferase- an enzyme that allows fireflies to glow and insert it into
tobacco cells. The plants glowed in the dark.

This means that the basic mechanisms of gene expression are shared
by both plants and animals.
AGRICULTURE

By using recombinant DNA technology, plants can now be


grown with genes responsible for producing natural
insecticides. This technology reduces the need for synthetic or
artificial insecticides and pesticides.
Agriculture

The genetically modified maize known as Bt corn (Bacillus


thuringiensis bacterium) is widely used in organic farming because it
is poisonous to certain pests. It eliminates corn borers, which cause
an enormous amount of damage to corn crops in our country.
Agriculture

Figure 1. Bt corn or genetically modified (GM) corn


Agriculture

The following are some bacteria used in recombinant DNA


technology:

1. Pseudomonas syringae- The recombinant variant of this bacterium


is called the ice-minus bacterium, which lacks the gene responsible
for ice formation. The ice-minus bacteria prevent frost crystals
from forming in plants.

2. Pseudomonas fluorescens- This is a nonpathogenic bacterium


that can produce proteins rapidly. This characteristic
is advantageous in developing biotherapeutics and vaccines.
Agriculture

The following are some bacteria used in recombinant DNA technology:

3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens- In its natural state, this bacterium


has a tumorinducing (Ti) plasmid that causes crown gall disease in
plants. The said Ti plasmid in the bacterium can be removed and
replaced with a recombinant plasmid. This enables the
now-modified bacterium to introduce beneficial genes to plants.
Agriculture
Other applications of recombinant DNA to agriculture are the following:
A. Crop Improvement
Genetically Engineered Traits: The Big Six
1. Herbicide Resistance
2. Insect Resistance
3. Virus Resistance
4. Altered Oil Content
5. Delayed Fruit Ripening
6. Pollen Control
B. Biotech Revolution:
1. Cold and Drought Tolerance and
2. Weather- Guard Genes
MEDICINE–
1. for Replacement Therapy
Human insulin is created using recombinant DNA to help diabetics.
Scientists build the human insulin gene in the
laboratory. Then removed a plasmid

Insert the human insulin gene into the plasmid


Medicine - insulin
Return the plasmid to the bacteria

Put the recombinant bacteria in large The recombinant bacteria use the gene
fermentation tanks to begin producing the human insulin.
Medicine - insulin

Harvest the insulin from the bacteria.

Purify the substance for use as a


medicine for the people.
Medicine

2. Substances such as blood clotting factors (for people suffering from


hemophilia) and

3. Hepatitis B virus surface antigens (for people suffering from


hepatitis B)
4. Disease prevention (e.g. vaccines)
5. Diagnostic tests (e.g. monoclonal antibodies).
6. Treatment of genetic diseases (gene therapy).
Figure 2. How recombinant DNA technology is used in medicine
Food Industry

1. Makes crops resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stress.


- increased crop yields
- lowered production costs
2. Improved nutritional quality
3. Increases longer shelf life.

4. Used for processing high quality fermented foods:


-cheeses, pickles, wines, and beers.

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