Werabe University

Institute of Technology
Introduction to Emerging
Technologies (EmTe 1012)

Chapter 1: Introduction to Emerging

Technologies

December,
1 2024
 Chapter Outline
• Evolution of Technologies
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
• Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
List of some Programmable devices
• Human to Machine Interaction
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction
(HCI)
• Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technology trends in 2019
Some emerging technologies that will shape the future of
you and your business
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 Evolution of Technologies
• Emerging technology is a term generally used to
describe a new technology, but it may also refer to the
continuing development of existing technology;
• It can have slightly different meanings when used in
different areas, such as media, business, science, or
education.
• The term commonly refers to technologies that are
currently developing, or that are expected to be
available within the next five to ten years,
• It is usually reserved for technologies that are creating
or are expected to create significant social or economic
effects.
• Technological evolution is a theory of radical
transformation of society through technological
development.
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 Evolution of Technologies(cont..)
 What is the root word of technology and
evolution?
• Technology: 1610s, “discourse or treatise on an
art or the arts," from Greek tekhnologia”
systematic treatment of an art, craft, or
technique,"
 Evolution: evolution means the process of
developing by gradual changes.
 This noun is from Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or
opening," combined from the prefix e-, "out," plus
volvere, "to roll."

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 Evolution of Technologies (cont..)
• List of some currently available emerged
technologies
Artificial Intelligence
Blockchain
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Cloud Computing
Angular and React
DevOps
Internet of Things (IoT)
Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
Big Data
Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)

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 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
• The Industrial Revolution was a period of major
industrialization and innovation that took place
during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
• An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a
society shifts from using tools to make products to use
new sources of energy, such as coal, to power
machines in factories.
• The revolution started in England, with a series of
innovations to make labor more efficient and
productive.
• The Industrial Revolution was a time when the
manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and
homes to large factories.
• This shift brought about changes in culture as people
moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work.
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 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
• The American Industrial Revolution commonly referred to
as the Second Industrial Revolution, started sometime
between 1820 and 1870.
• Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining,
glass making, and agriculture all had undergone
changes.
• From the first industrial revolution (mechanization
through water and steam power) to the mass
production and assembly lines using electricity in the
second, the fourth industrial revolution will take what was
started in the third with the adoption of computers and
automation and enhance it with smart and
autonomous systems fueled by data and machine
learning.

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 cont..
• Generally, the following industrial
revolutions fundamentally changed and
transferred the world around us into
modern society.
The steam engine
The age of science and mass production, and
The rise of digital technology
Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data
and machine learning.

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 The Most Important Inventions of the
Industrial Revolution

• Transportation: The Steam Engine, The

Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The Airplane.
• Communication: The Telegraph. The
Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph. The
Telephone.
• Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine.
Electric Lights.

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Phonograph Telegraph
 Historical Background of IR
• The industrial revolution began in Great Britain
in the late 1770s before spreading to the rest of
Europe.
• The first European countries to be industrialized
after England were Belgium, France, and the
German states.
• The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was
the effects created by the Agricultural
Revolution.
• As previously stated, the Industrial Revolution
began in Britain in the 18th century due in part
to an increase in food production, which was
the key outcome of the Agricultural Revolution.
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 Types of industries
The four types of industries are:
1. The primary industry involves getting raw
materials e.g. mining, farming, and
fishing.
2. The secondary industry involves
manufacturing e.g. making cars and
steel.
3. Tertiary industries provide a service e.g.
teaching and nursing.
4. The quaternary industry involves research
and development industries e.g. IT.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
• The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as
a transition to new manufacturing processes.
• IR was first coined (think up) in the 1760s,
during the time where this revolution began.
• The transitions in the first IR(IR 1.0) included
going from hand production methods to machines,
the increasing use of steam power (see Figure below),
the development of machine tools and the rise of the
factory system.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
• IR 2.0, also known as the Technological Revolution,
began somewhere in the 1870s.
• The advancements in IR 2.0 included
the development of methods for manufacturing
interchangeable parts and
widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems
such as telegraph and railroad networks.
• This adoption allowed the vast movement of people and ideas,
enhancing communication.
Moreover, new technological systems were introduced, such
as electrical power (see Figure below) and telephones.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
• IR 3.0 introduced the transition from
mechanical and analog electronic
technology to digital electronics (see Figure
on the next slide) which began from the
late 1950s.
• Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR
3.0 was given the nickname, “Digital
Revolution”.
• The core factor of this revolution is the
mass production and widespread use of
digital logic circuits and its derived
technologies such as the computer,
handphones and the Internet.
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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0) (Cont…)
• These technological
innovations have arguably
transformed traditional
production and business
techniques enabling people
to communicate with
another without the need of
being physically present.
• Certain practices that were
enabled during IR 3.0 is still
being practiced until this
current day, for example-
the proliferation of digital
computers and digital
record.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
• Now, with advancements in various
technologies such as robotics, Internet of
Things, additive manufacturing and
autonomous vehicles, IR 4.0 was coined by
Klaus Schwab, in the year 2016.
• The technologies mentioned above are what
you call – cyber-physical systems.
• A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is
controlled or monitored by computer-based
algorithms, tightly integrated with the Internet
and its users.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

• One example that is being widely practiced in

industries today is the usage of Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) machines.
• These machines are operated by giving it
instructions using a computer.
• Another major breakthrough that is associated
with IR 4.0 is the adoption of Artificial
Intelligence (AI),
• AI is also one of the main elements that give life to
Autonomous Vehicles and Automated Robots.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

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 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since
we are living in the age of big data, and drives or even
determines the future of science, technology, the
economy, and possibly everything in our world today
and tomorrow.
• Data have not only triggered tremendous hype and buzz
but more importantly, presents enormous challenges
that in turn bring incredible innovation and economic
opportunities.
• This reshaping and paradigm-shifting are driven not just
by data itself but all other aspects that could be created,
transformed, and/or adjusted by understanding,
exploring, and utilizing data.
• The preceding trend and its potential have triggered new
debate about data-intensive scientific discovery as an
emerging technology, the so-called “fourth industrial
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revolution,”
 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• There is no doubt, nevertheless, that the
potential of data science and analytics to enable
data-driven theory, economy, and professional
development is increasingly being recognized.
• This involves not only core disciplines such as
computing, informatics, and statistics, but also
the broad-based fields of business, social
science, and health/medical science.

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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable
devices)
• In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four
basic kinds of devices: memory, microprocessors, logic,
and networks.
1. Memory: devices store random information such as the
contents of a spreadsheet or database.
2. Microprocessors: execute software instructions to perform
a wide variety of tasks such as running a word processing
program or video game.
3. Logic: devices provide specific functions, including device-to-
device interfacing, data communication, signal processing,
data display, timing and control operations, and almost every
other function a system must perform.
4. The network is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes,
network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to
one another to allow the sharing of data.
An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which
• connects millions of people all over the world
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 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
• Programmable devices usually refer to chips that
incorporate field programmable logic devices (FPGAs),
complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) and
programmable logic devices (PLD).
• There are also devices that are the analog equivalent
of these called field-programmable analog arrays.

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 Enabling devices and network
(Programmable devices)
• Why is a computer referred to as a
programmable device?
• Because what makes a computer a computer is that
it follows a set of instructions.
• Many electronic devices are computers that
perform only one operation, but they are still
following instructions that reside permanently in the
unit.

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List of some Programmable devices
• Achronix Speedster SPD60
• Actel’s
• Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
• Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
• Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable
system-on-chip (PSoC) family
• Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
• Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
• Silicon Blue Technologies
• Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
• Xmos Semiconductor L series
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 List of some Programmable devices
• A full range of network-related equipment
referred to as Service Enabling Devices (SEDs),
which can include:
 Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data
service unit (DSU)
 Modems
 Routers
 Switches
 Conferencing equipment
 Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
 Hosting equipment and servers

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 Human to Machine Interaction
• Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the
communication and interaction between a human
and a machine via a user interface.
• Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures
have gained increasing attention as they allow humans
to control machines through natural and intuitive
behaviors
What is interaction in human-computer interaction?
• HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how
people interact with computers and to what extent
computers are or are not developed for successful
interaction with human beings.
• As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts: the
user, the computer itself, and the ways they work
together.
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 Human to Machine Interaction
How do users interact with computers?
• The user interacts directly with hardware for the human
input and output such as displays, e.g. through a
graphical user interface.
• The user interacts with the computer over this software
interface using the given input and output (I/O)
hardware.
How important is human-computer interaction?
• The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction
between users and computers by making computers
more user-friendly and receptive to the user's needs.
The main advantages of HCI are:
o Simplicity
o Ease of deployment & operations and
o Cost savings for smaller set-ups
o Reduce solution design time and integration complexity
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 Disciplines Contributing to (HCI)
 Cognitive psychology: Limitations,
information processing, performance
prediction, cooperative working, and
capabilities.
 Computer science: Including graphics,
technology, prototyping tools, user interface
management systems.
 Linguistics
 Engineering and design
 Artificial intelligence
 Human factors

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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
• Emerging technology trends in 2019
 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing and
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

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 Some emerging technologies that will shape
the future of you and your business
• The future is now or so they say. So-called emerging
technologies are taking over our minds more and
more each day.
• These are very high-level emerging technologies
though.
• They sound like tools that will only affect the top tier
of technology companies who employ the world’s top
1% of geniuses.
• This is totally wrong. Chatbots, virtual/augmented
reality, blockchain, Ephemeral Apps and Artificial
Intelligence are already shaping your life whether you
like it or not.
• At the end of the day, you can either adapt or die.

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