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Continous Fermentation (1)

Continuous fermentation is an open system that allows for steady-state operation with continuous feed and output flows, resulting in better growth rates and efficient production of primary metabolites. It includes types such as chemostat and turbidostat, each with distinct characteristics regarding nutrient supply and cell density control. Continuous culture offers advantages over batch culture, including higher productivity, controlled growth rates, and optimized medium composition, but requires more complex systems and monitoring.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views18 pages

Continous Fermentation (1)

Continuous fermentation is an open system that allows for steady-state operation with continuous feed and output flows, resulting in better growth rates and efficient production of primary metabolites. It includes types such as chemostat and turbidostat, each with distinct characteristics regarding nutrient supply and cell density control. Continuous culture offers advantages over batch culture, including higher productivity, controlled growth rates, and optimized medium composition, but requires more complex systems and monitoring.
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C O N T I N O U S F E R M E N TAT I O N

Presented by Abiral lamichhane


INTRODUCTION
a. Continous Fermentation is an open system where there are continous feed and output
flows .
b. Sterile medium is added continuously into the reactor with a certain dilution rate in order
to achieve steady state environment .
c. Formation of new biomass is balanced by the loss of cells from the reactor .
d. Continous feed enables better growth rates than in a batch process , and especially
primary metabolites are efficiently produced by continous fermentation.
e. Having key characterestics as ,
f. Open system.
g. Steady state operation.
h. Equipment.
KINETICS OF
CONTINOUS
F E R M E N TAT I O N
R E L AT I O N
BETWEEN
X̄ , S̄ , A N D D
E F F E C T S O F I N C R E A S I N G S O N B I O M A S S C O N C E N T R AT I O N .
EFFECT OF INITIAL
NUMBER OF
MICRORGANISM ON
BIOMASS
C O N C E N T R AT I O N

The rate of the cell


population increase in
microbial growth in batch
culture system at any
particular time is
propertional to the
concentration of the cells
present at the time which is
popularly described as
TYPES OF
CONTINOUS
F E R M E N TAT I O N
1.> chemostat,,.The nutrients are supplied at a
constant flow rate and the cell density is
adjusted with the supplied essential nutrients for
growth. In a chemostat, growth rate is
determined by the utilisation of substrates like
carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. A sim- ple
chemostat with feed pump, oxygen probe,
aeration and the pH controlling units is shown in
Figure 5.3. The system is equipped with a gas
flow meter. Agitation and aeration provided
suitable mass transfer. The liquid level is
controlled with an outlet pump.
 The substrate concentration and the retention time in the
fermentation vessel may dictate the cell density.
 Besides the nutrients and the controlling dilution rate, there
are several physiological and process variables involved in the
kinetics and the design of a bioreactor.
 These parameters are temperature, pH, redox (reduction and
oxidation) potentials, dissolved oxygen, substrate
concentration and many process variables. In a chemostat, cell
growth rate is determined by an expression that is based on
substrate utilisation, mainly C, N and P with trace amounts of
metals and vita- mins.
 The advantages of continuous culture are that the essential
nutrients can be adjusted for maximum growth rate and to
maintain steady-state conditions.
 At steady state, cell concentration is maximised with optimum
dilution rate. There is also a critical dilution rate where all the
cells are washed out and there is no chance for the
microorganisms to replicate; this is known as the maximum
dilution rate.
2 > B I O S TAT

 This is also known as a


turbidostat. It is a system where
cell growth is controlled and
remains constant while the flow
rate of fresh media does not
remain constant. Cell density is
controlled based on set value
for turbidity, which is created by
the cell population while fresh
media is continuously supplied.
 In a chemostat and biostat or turbidostat, even with differences in
the supply of nutrients and/or fresh media, constant cell density is
obtained.
 The utilization of substrate and the kinetic expressions for all the
fermentation vessels are quite similar.
 It is possibile to have slight differences in the kinetic constants and
the specific rate constants.
 The system can be adapted for photosynthetic bacteria.
 The continuous cultures of chemostat and biostat systems have the
following criteria:
 • Medium and cells are continuously changing.
 • The cell density (rcell) is constant.
 • Steady-state growth .
 • Open system..
D I F F R E N C E B E T W E E N C H E M O S T AT A N D T U R B I D O S T AT.

C H E M O S TAT T U R B I D O S TAT

1. A system in which the chemical composition is 1. A continous microbiological culture device .


kept at a controlled level for the culture of Which has feedback between the turbidity of
microrganisms. the culture vessel and dilution rate .

2. Chemical composotion of medium is constant . 2. Turbidity of the medium is constant .

3. Fresh medium is continously added at the 3. Fresh media is automatically


same rate as the removal of products . added ,maintaining a constant turbuidity .

4. Dilution rate remains constant . 4. Dilution rate varies .

5. Proceeds wth limiting nutrient. 5. Has no such limiting nutrient.

6. Doesnot need to measure optical density. 6. Need to measure density.

7. Flowrate is constant. 7. Flowrate doesnot remain constant.

8. Supply of a single nutrient controls the growth 8. Supply of a single nutrient does not control the
rate of the microbe. growth rate of the microbes.
A D VA N TA G E O F C O N T I N O U S C U LT U R E
 There are several advantages to continuous culture, where all the problems associated with the
batch culture are solved.
 Firstly, the growth rate is controlled and the cells are well maintained, since fresh media is
replaced by old culture while the dilution is taking place. As a result, the effect of physical and
chemical parameters on growth and product forma- tion can easily be examined.
 The biomass concentration in the cultured broth is well main- tained at a constant dilution rate.
 The continuous process results in substrate-limited growth and cell-growth-limiting nutrients.
 The composition of the medium can be optimised for maximum productivity; in addition
secondary metabolite production can also be controlled.
 The growth kinetics and kinetic constants are accurately determined. The process leads to
reproducible results and reliable data. High productivity per unit volume is achieved.
 The continuous culture is less labour-intensive, and less downtime is needed. Finally, steady-
state growth can be achieved, even if mixed cultures are implemented.
C O M P A R I S O N I N B AT C H C U LT U R E A N D C O N T I N O U S
C U LT U R E .
B AT C H F E R M E N TAT I O N C O N T I N O U S F E R M E N TAT I O N

1) Duration hours to days 1) Duration weeks to months.

2) Lower productivity . 2) Higher productivity.

3) Simple easy to sterilize ,minimal monitoring 3) Complex , requires automation ,strict controls .
4) Contamination risk higher
4) Contamination risk lower
5) Higher capital equipment,lower labour .
5) Lower capital ,higher labour per batch
6) Application in large scaleindustry low value products like bio
6) Application in small scale ,high value products pharma etc fules.
7) All phases , lag,exponential, stationary ,death. 7) Microbes maintained in exponential phase steady state growth
8) All nutrient added at the start . 8) Nutrient continously fed into the reactor.

9) Genetic stability is stable , short cycles minimize the 9) Risk of genetic drift mutation , longterm growth under stable
adaptation . conditions .

10) Discrete wastes batches ,easier management 10) Continous waste stream requires steady treatment.
11) Bio ethanol,waste water treatment , singlecell protine ,yeast
11) Example beer ,wine antibiotics ,speciality
biomass.
T H A N K YO U

Presented by Abiral lamichhane

3rd year

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