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AD Unit 1

The document provides an overview of basic fluid mechanics principles relevant to aerodynamics, including the Euler equation, Bernoulli's equation, and the continuity equation. It outlines the prerequisites for understanding these concepts and details the properties of fluids, types of fluid flow, and equations of motion. Additionally, it includes practical applications of Bernoulli's equation and various fluid flow problems for students to solve.

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BALA KANNAN T
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17 views39 pages

AD Unit 1

The document provides an overview of basic fluid mechanics principles relevant to aerodynamics, including the Euler equation, Bernoulli's equation, and the continuity equation. It outlines the prerequisites for understanding these concepts and details the properties of fluids, types of fluid flow, and equations of motion. Additionally, it includes practical applications of Bernoulli's equation and various fluid flow problems for students to solve.

Uploaded by

BALA KANNAN T
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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18AE402 AERODYNAMICS

By
G SIVARAJ AP-II/Aero
Evocation:
18AE402 Aerodynamics

Topic : REVIEW OF BASIC FLUID MECHANICS

 Euler equation,

 incompressible bernoullis equation –

 Continuity - integral and differential form

 Momentum - integral and differential form and

 energy equations - integral and differential form in in Cartesian

co-ordinate system
Prerequisite Knowledge:

 Fluid mechanics

 Fluid properties

 Fluid parameters
General Objective:

Students can able to understand and apply the Euler equation and Bernoulli’s
equation in the field of aerodynamics

Specific Objectives:
1. To infer about the properties of fluid

2. To deduce Euler equation from motion of equation with assumptions

3. To understand concept of Bernoulli’s theorem and deduce the Bernoulli’s equation for
steady, ideal and incompressible flow
SO 1. properties of fluid
Properties of fluid:

 Density  Kinematic Viscosity

 Specific weight  Compressibility

 Specific volume  Surface tension

 Specific gravity  Capillarity

 Dynamic Viscosity
Density:

Specific weight

Specific Volume
Specific gravity:
Dynamic Viscosity:

Unit of Viscosity 1 or 10 poise, 1 centi poise = 1/100 Poise


Kinematic Viscosity:

Unit of kinematic Viscosity m2/s or Stoke = 1 cm2/s = 1/1000 m2/s

1 centi stoke = 1/100 stoke


Compressibility
Surface Tension

Surface tension on a Droplet


Capillarity
Pascal Law

The pressure at a point in a static fluid is equal in all directions


Hydrostatic Law
Absolute, Vacuum, atmospheric Pressure
Measurement of Pressure

1.Manometers
2.Mechanical gauges

Manometers Mechanical gauges


Fluid motion:

 Lagrangian Method – a single fluid particle is followed during its motion and its

kinematic behaviors are described.

 Eulerian Method - kinematic behaviors are described at a point in flow field


Types fluid flow:

 Steady and un steady flow

 Uniform and non uniform flow

 Laminar and turbulent flow

 Compressible and incompressible flows

 Rotational and irrotational flow

 One, two and three dimensional flow


Rate of flow (Discharge Q)

- The quantity of a fluid flowing per second

- For liquid(Incompressible fluid) Q m3/s or Lit/S (V/T)

- For Air (compressible fluid) Q Kgf/s (W/T)

- Q = A x V (V - velocity)
Equations of motion

Newton’s Second Law of motion F = ma

Fx =ma

Forces Fx:
 Gravity force
 Pressure force
 Force due to viscosity Reynold’s equations
of motion
 Force due to turbulence
 Force due to compressibility Navier’s stokes
equation
Euler’s equation of
motion
Euler’s equation of motion

Fx =ma
Euler’s equation of motion

Euler’s equation of motion


Bernoulli’s equation

Euler’s equation of motion

Bernoulli’s equation

Assumptions:
Bernoulli’s theorem

Assumptions:
Bernoulli’s equation for real fluid
Practical applications of Bernoulli’s equation

1. Venturi meter
2. Orifice meter
3. Pitot static tube

Venturi meter
Orifice meter
Pitot tube
Pitot tube
Continuity equation:

Let’s Conserve mass

A v = A * d/t

= Vol/Time

= dV/dt
Continuity equation
Conservation of mass:
Net increases of mass/time in the fluid element = Rate of increase of mass of the fluid element
Mass of the fluid entering the face ABCD/Second

Mass of the fluid leaving the face EFGH/Second

Mass gain in x direction


Continuity equation:

Mass gain in y direction

Mass gain in Z direction

Net gain of mass

Conservation of mass:

Net increases of mass/time in the fluid element = Rate of increase of mass of the fluid element
Continuity equation:

Mass of the fluid =

Rate of increase of mass of the fluid element :

Conservation of mass:

Net increases of mass/time in the fluid element = Rate of increase of mass of the fluid element

Continuity equation
Continuity equation:

For steady flow:

For steady and incompressible flow:

∇ .𝑉 =0
For steady, incompressible and 2D flow:
Problem 1

V = ui+vj+wk

Solution:
Problem 2

Solution:
Problem 3

V  x 3 yz 2i  6 xy 3 j  xyz 2 k

Solution:
Problem 3

V  xy 2 z 2i  6 xy 2 zj  yz 2 k

Solution:

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