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NTU Method

The document provides an analysis of heat exchangers, focusing on two primary methods: the Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) method and the Effectiveness-NTU method. It outlines the steps involved in each method, their limitations, and how to calculate heat transfer rates and exchanger sizing. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding the geometry and flow arrangement of heat exchangers for effective analysis.

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Laiba zubair
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2 views

NTU Method

The document provides an analysis of heat exchangers, focusing on two primary methods: the Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) method and the Effectiveness-NTU method. It outlines the steps involved in each method, their limitations, and how to calculate heat transfer rates and exchanger sizing. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding the geometry and flow arrangement of heat exchangers for effective analysis.

Uploaded by

Laiba zubair
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER

HEAT EXCHANGER
ANALYSIS
ENGR. DR. FARHAN JAVED
LECTURE OUTLINE:
Review of LMTD Method
Effectiveness NTU Method
HEAT EXCHANGER ANALYSIS:

Heat Exchanger
Analysis
What would you do if only
LMTD Effectiveness
inlet temperatures of fluids are
Method NTU Method known??

Sizing of Exchanger Rating of Exchanger


LMTD METHOD: Q UAs Tlm
LMTD method involves following steps: T1  T2
Tlm 
ln application.
Select the type of heat exchanger suitable for the T1 T2 
Determine the exchanger duty.
Determine any unknown inlet or outlet temperature and required flowrate

using an energy balance.


Calculate the log mean temperature difference Tlm and the correction factor

F, if
necessary.
Obtain (select or calculate) the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient
U.
LIMITATIONS OF LMTD METHOD:

The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid
flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature,
are prescribed.
 For a specified heat exchanger type, the required size (surface area),
as well as the other outlet temperature, are readily determined.
 If the LMTD method is used in performance calculations for which both
outlet temperatures must be determined from knowledge of the inlet
temperatures, the solution procedure is iterative.
 For both design and performance calculations, the effectiveness-NTU
method may be used without iteration..
THE EFFECTIVENESS NTU METHOD:

In an attempt to eliminate the iterations from the solution of such


problems, Kays and London came up with a method in 1955 called the
effectiveness–NTU method, which greatly simplified heat exchanger
analysis.
This method is based on a dimensionless parameter called the heat
transfer effectiveness є, defined as
THE EFFECTIVENESS NTU METHOD:
The actual heat transfer rate in a heat exchanger can be determined from an
energy balance on the hot or cold fluids and can be expressed as;
• If Ch >
Cc, then
(Th1-Th2) < (Tc2-Tc1)

• If Ch <
Cc, then
(Th1-Th2) > (Tc2-Tc1)
THE EFFECTIVENESS NTU METHOD:
The maximum heat transfer rate in a heat exchanger can be determined as;

Maximum possible Heat Transfer Maximum possible Temperature Difference

Difference in INLET
Temperatures of Hot and Cold
fluids.

Maximum Temperature Difference Minimum heat capacity rate (m C value)


THE EFFECTIVENESS NTU METHOD:
The maximum heat transfer rate in a heat exchanger can be determined as;
THE EFFECTIVENESS NTU METHOD:
Once the effectiveness of the heat exchanger is known, the actual heat

Q  Qmax  Cmin Th ,in  Tc ,in 


transfer rate can be determined from

The effectiveness of a heat exchanger depends on:


the geometry of the heat exchanger, and
the flow arrangement.
EFFECTIVENESS–NTU
METHOD
• By definition the effectiveness, which is dimensionless, must be in the
range 0≤ ε ≤1. It is useful because, if , Th,I and Tc,i are known, the actual
heat transfer rate may readily be determined from the expression;

• where Cmin/Cmax is equal to Cc/Ch or Ch/Cc, depending on the relative


magnitudes of the hot and cold fluid heat capacity rates.
EFFECTIVENESS–NTU
METHOD
• The number of transfer units (NTU) is a dimensionless parameter
that is widely used for heat exchanger analysis and is defined as;

In heat exchanger analysis, it is also convenient to define


another dimensionless quantity called the capacity ratio
c as
EFFECTIVENESS FOR SEVERAL HEAT
EXCHANGERS
EFFECTIVENESS–
NTU RELATIONS
HEAT EXCHANGER RATING
For an available heat exchanger (size, mass flow rates, inlet
temperatures and materials are known) using e-NTU method we can
rate the heat exchanger:
1. Calculate C*=Cmin/Cmax and NTU=UA/Cmin
2. Determine e from appropriate charts or e-NTU equations
3. Calculate Q=e Cmin(Th1-Tc1)
4. Calculate outlet temperatures
5. Q = Ch (Th1-Th2) = Cc (Tc2-Tc1) =e Cmin(Th1-Tc1)
SIZING USING NTU METHOD

1. Calculate e using Cmin, Cmax and temperatures


2. Calculate C*=Cmin/Cmax
3. Calculate U
4. Determine NTU from charts or equations
5. When NTU is known calculate heat transfer area from
A=(CminNTU)/U
LMTD and e-NTU relations
LMTD e-NTU
Q UAFTlm,cf Q  Cmin (Th1  Tc1 )

T1  T2
 

Ch Th1  Th 2

 
Cc Tc 2  Tc1 
LMTD  Tlm,cf 

ln T1 T2  
Cmin Th1  Tc1 
Cmin Th1  Tc1  

T1 Th1  Tc 2 , T2 Th 2  Tc1  C minm c p min


 
C
C max m c p max
Tc 2  Tc1 Th1  Th 2
P ,R 
Th1  Tc1 Tc 2  Tc1 UA 1
NTU   A UdA
C min C min

F = f (P, R, flow arrangement) e = f (NTU, C*, flow arrangement)


Numerical Problem 1
Numerical Problem 2

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