PROBABILITY

OF
MODULE INDEPENDENT

31 AND
DEPENDENT
EVENTS
Review:
Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events
If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) or
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B)
Probability of Not Mutually Exclusive
Events
If A and B are not mutually exclusive events,
then
P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B) or
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A B)
Determine if the events described in each of the given problems below
are mutually exclusive events or not mutually exclusive events then
solve the problem.

1. IF ONE CARD IS DRAWN FROM A STANDARD DECK OF 52

CARDS, WHAT IS THE PROBABILITY OF GETTING A FACE
CARD OR A BLACK CARD?
NOT MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE EVENTS
P(FACE OR BLACK) = P(FACE) + P(BLACK) – P(FACE & BLACK)
=
=
P(FACE CARD OR BLACK CARD) =
2. A bag contains 5 green balls, 3 red balls, and 4 white
balls. If a ball is to be drawn from the bag, what is
the probability that the drawn ball is red or white?
Mutually Exclusive Events
P(red or white) = P(red) + P(white)
=

P(red or white) =
Consider the situations below and answer the
•

questions that follow.

Situation 1: A container contains 8 pieces of

lollipops, 9 pieces of hany and 3 pieces of puff
mallows. Dan randomly chooses a candy and its
name is noted and then put back inside the
container. Then, randomly chooses another
candy. Find the probability that:
a. the chosen candies are both puff mallows.
b. the first is hany and the second is a lollipop.
Situation 2: A container contains 8 pieces of
lollipops, 9 pieces of hany and 3 pieces of puff
mallows. Dan randomly chooses a candy, eats it,
and then randomly chooses another candy. Find
the probability that:
a. the chosen candies are both puff mallows.
b. the first is hany and the second is a lollipop.

Reflect:
Compare the process of getting the probabilities in
each of the situations above?
What are independent and dependent
events in relation to probability?
Two events are independent if the occurrence of one of the
events does not affect the occurrence of the other event that means
the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the other..
Examples:
1. turning up a 6 followed by a 2 in rolling a fair die twice
2. stopping at 5 and at 3 by spinning a fair spinner twice with 8
congruent sectors numbered 1 – 8
3. a tail showing up in tossing a fair coin once and a four turning up
in rolling a fair die once
4. drawing a King of hearts and a Queen of hearts from a standard
deck of cards if replacement of the first card is done
Two events are dependent if the occurrence of
the first affects the occurrence of the second so
that the probability is changed.

Examples:
1. Drawing a King of hearts and a Queen of
hearts from a standard deck of cards if no
replacement of the first card is done
2. It rained, and the road became slippery.
3. Brown out occurred and then the room went
dark.
Activity: Tell whether the pair of events are
independent or dependent.

1. A five turning up in rolling a die once and a

tail showing up in tossing a coin once
INDEPENDENT
2. Drawing a face card from a standard deck of
cards, returning it, and drawing another
numbered card
INDEPENDENT
 3. A tail showing up in tossing a coin
once an a six turning up in rolling a
die once
INDEPENDENT

4. Drawing two cards from a standard

deck of cards one card after the other
without replacement.
DEPENDENT
5. Drawing a black marble and a yellow
marble one at a time from a bag of
marbles containing two black marbles and
four yellow marbles without replacement.
DEPENDENT

6. Reviewing your Math lessons for your

Math examination and getting 90 as a
grade in the examination.
DEPENDENT
7. Preparing a very viable business proposal and
getting a closed deal with the investors.
DEPENDENT

8. The skies went dark and then a piece of chalk fell.

INDEPENDENT

9. Raining cats and dogs and candles melting.

INDEPENDENT

10. Brown out occurred and then the room went

dark.
DEPENDENT
11. Finishing a college degree and Allen winning
the jackpot prize in lotto.
INDEPENDENT
12. A pandemic broke out and then
everyone stayed inside their houses.
DEPENDENT

13. It rained, and the road became slippery.

DEPENDENT
 14. Becoming a popular singer and
your friend became a popular
comedian.
INDEPENDENT

15. Aljun overate, and Joy gained

weight.
INDEPENDENT
SEATWORK: Consider the situations below
and determine whether the events are
INDEPENDENT or DEPENDENT EVENTS.

1. A bag contains 6 blue marbles, 9 red marbles,

4 yellow marbles and 2 green marbles. Find the
probability of picking a blue marble on the first
draw, then a red marble on the second draw, if
the first picked marble was not returned.
2. Car Rental Company has 7 white
vans, 5 gray vans, 4 black vans and 2
blue vans. Hans needs 3 vans for a field
trip. What is the probability that Hans
will choose a white van, a black van and
a gray van?
3. A bag of jelly beans contains 10 red, 6
green, 7 yellow, and 5 orange jelly
beans. What is the probability of getting
a red jelly bean first, then a non-red jelly
4. Two senior students, one from each
government schools are randomly
selected to travel to United Kingdom.
Carl is in a class of eighteen students and
Jake is in a class of twenty students. Find
the probability that both Carl and Jake will
be selected.
5. A bag contains 5 green marbles and
3 red marbles, and then a fair coin is
tossed once. Find the probability of
getting a green marble from the bag
and a tail turning up.
Consider this problem:
“A drawstring bag contains 3 green
marbles and 1 yellow marble. Ben
draws a marble then returns it in the
bag and then draw another marble.
What is
the probability that the first marble is
green and the second marble is
yellow?
The question “probability of drawing a green
marble in the first draw, replacing it, and then
drawing a second marble which is a yellow
marble” corresponds to P(A B) which is equally
the same as saying, the probability of drawing a
green marble and a yellow marble. This brings
us to multiplication rule of probability.

P(A and B) = P(A) and P(B) = P(A) P(B) or

P(A B) = P(A) P(B)
Probability of Independent Events
If A and B are independent events,
then P(A and B) = P(A) ● P(B) or
P(A B) = P(A) P(B)
Solution:
P(green and yellow) = P(green) ● P(yellow)
=
=
The probability of drawing a green
marble
then a yellow marble is .
If the first marble drawn was not returned,
the prob of the second event occurring
would be affected because the possible
outcomes would not be the same as the first
one. The number of possible outcomes
decreases and since the occurrence of the
first event affects
the occurrence of the second event,

then we can say that the events are

Probability of Dependent Events
If A and B are dependent events, then
P(A and B) = P(A) ● P(B following A) or
P(A B) = P(A) P(B following A)

Solution:
P(green and yellow) = P(green) ● P(yellow following
green)
=
= =
The probability of drawing a green marble then a

yellow marble without replacement is .

Determine if each given situation is dependent
or independent events then solve.
1. Find the probability of 1 turning up in rolling a
six-face die once and drawing a face card from a
deck of 52 playing cards.
Independent Events
Solution:
P(1 and face card) = P(1) P(face card)
= =
P(1 and face card) =
2. A bag contains six blue marbles, nine
red marbles, four yellow marbles and
two green marbles. Find the probability
of picking a blue marble on the first
draw, then a red marble on the second
draw, if the first picked marble was not
returned.
Dependent events
Solution:
P(blue and red) = P(blue) P(red following
blue)
= ●= =
The probability of picking a blue marble then
a red marble without replacement is
3. A box of chocolates contains 9 milk chocolates, 8
dark chocolates, and 6 white chocolates. Lance
randomly chooses a chocolate, eats it, and then
randomly chooses another chocolate. What is the
probability that Lance chooses a milk chocolate and a
dark chocolate?
Dependent Events
Solution:
P(milk and dark) = P(milk) P(dark following
milk) = =

P(milk and dark) =

4. Find the probability of a tail and a 7
turning up in tossing a coin and rolling a
die once, respectively.
Independent Events
Solution:
P(tail and 7) = P(tail) P(7)
= 0
= 0

The probability of getting a tail and a 7 is 0.

5. What is the probability of
drawing 2 aces in succession from
a standard deck of cards:
a. if the first card is replaced
before the second is chosen?
b. if the first card is not replaced
before the second is chosen?
6. A box contains 7 white
marbles and 7 orange
marbles. What is the
probability of drawing 2 white
marbles and 1 orange marble
in succession without
replacement?
QUESTIONS??
Math is
very fun!
Thanks
!