Introduction to Subject

High
Voltage
Engineering

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 What is need of High Voltage?
foremost requirement is to reduce the current being
to load centers over long distances.
Power sending end Power receiving end

Transmission loss is I2R

Transmission loss becomes 4(I2R)

o ble m
Current I from Gen A
s is Pr
e los
lin
Current I from Gen B
re a sed
Inc 2
With increased voltage level
Power sending end Power receiving end

Transmission loss is I2R

Double voltage level & half current level

Voltage level V and current 2I

Current I from Gen A

Current I from Gen B
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 What 220kV
220kV

is
High voltage is specially referred to electrical power system.
Step down
transformer is 220kV Step up
transformer is
used to reduce
used to rise the
the voltage to Long transmission line used to
voltage to 132kV
33kV carry the power to other cities
or 220kV

high 33kV
Step down
transformer is
used to reduce
the voltage to
11kV
In TPS Jamshoro
11kV
power is
generated at 11kV
or 21kV

voltag 11kV
Another Step down transformer is
used to reduce the voltage further
to 400V suitable for end user.
400V 220V
Domestic users get electricity at
220Volt.

e
4
Trends in
HV
generati
on
growth
(AC)

5
Trends in
HV
generati
on
growth
(DC)

6
Levels of high voltage:
World over the levels are classified as:
Low Voltage
High Voltage
 Very High Voltage
Extra High Voltage
Ultra High Voltage

However , the exact magnitude of these levels vary from country to country. Hence this
system of technical terms for the voltage levels is inappropriate .
In most part of the world even 440 V is considered to be high voltage since it is
dangerous for the living being.
Hence it would be more appropriate to always mention the level of voltage being
referred without any set nomenclature .

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Fields of
applications of HV

• Power system engineering

• Research laboratories
• Industries
• Nuclear research, particle accelerators
• Electrostatic precipitators
• Automobile ignition coils
• Medical applications like X-ray machine

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What we learn in High Voltage
Engineering
• Testing of HV equipment like power
transformers, bushings, CB, insulators, cables
etc.
• Usually tests are done at a voltage much
higher than the operating voltage.
• Generation, measurement and control of
different types of HV currents.

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What we learn in High Voltage
Engineering
• Failure mechanism of HV equipment caused by
HV stress.
• Breakdown mechanism of different types of
insulating materials ( solid, liquid, gas, vacuum)
under different types of voltages (ac, dc, ).
• Provide technical assistance toward designing
HV equipment to be operated at further higher
voltages.

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Future Prospects
of HV

• For cosmopolitan cities overhead distribution

lines are not allowed any more. HV underground
cables of compact size is the solution.
• Compact all-in-one fix-and-forget type GIS
substations are required in near future.
• HV has some residential and industrial
applications like water treatment plant, insect
killer/repeller, exhaust air purifier etc.

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 CLO Description Domain Taxonomy Linking to
No. level PLOs

1. Explain the breakdown mechanisms in solid, liquid, Cognitive C2 2

and gaseous dielectrics, along with principles and laws
governing them.

2. Describe Generation, measurement, and testing Cognitive C2 1

techniques in high voltage AC, DC, and impulse.

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S# Topic No: of Lecturer hrs. Associate
Required d CLO
01 Generation of DC high voltage (Rectifier) 01 CLO 2
02 Generation of DC high voltage (Voltage doubler and cascade circuits) 03
03 Generation of AC high Voltage (Transformer in cascade and series resonant circuit) 03 CLO 2
04 Generation of Transient voltage (Single stage and multistage impulse generator) 03 CLO 2
05 Need, levels and problems of generating high voltages 01 CLO 2
06 Ionization and its types 01 CLO 1
07 Decay Process and its types 01 CLO 1
08 Cathode processes and its types 02 CLO 1
09 Townsend’s theory and Second ionization coefficient 02 CLO 1
10 Effect of space charge on breakdown voltage 01 CLO 1
11 Streamer Mechanism of Spark 01 CLO 1
12 Breakdown Field Strength 01 CLO 1
13 Breakdown in Uniform and Non-Uniform Fields 01 CLO 1
14 Breakdown in Gas Mixtures (Penning Effect) and compressed Gases 01 CLO 1
15 Sparking Voltage- Paschen’s Law 01 CLO 1
16 Partial Discharge/ Partial Breakdown- Corona discharge and Applications 02 CLO 1
17 Spark gap and its applications 01 CLO 1
18 Break down in Solids (Intrinsic, Electromechanical, Streamer, Thermal and Erosion 04 CLO 1
Breakdowns)
19 Breakdown in Liquids (Electrochemical, Cavitation and Suspended particle mechanism) 04 CLO 1
20 Measurement of Alternating, Direct and impulse voltages (Series impedance voltmeters, 06 CLO 2
series capacitance voltmeters, CVTs, sphere gap measurements and electrostatic voltmeters)

21 Non-destructive insulation test techniques (Di-electric loss measurement, partial discharge 02 CLO 2
measurement, measurement of DC resistivity, dielectric constant and loss factor

Total 42 13
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Thanks

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