HUMAN RESPONSES

TO EMERGING
CHALLENGES IN
CONTEMPORARY
SOCIETY
 GLOBAL WARMING
 When carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants and
greenhouse gases build up in the atmosphere, they absorb sunlight
and solar energy that has bounced off the earth's surface, resulting
in global warming. Normally, this radiation would escape into
space, but these pollutants, which may linger in the atmosphere for
years to centuries, trap the heat and cause the planet to become
hotter. The greenhouse effect is the result of this.
The term "global warming" refers to a gradual rise in the average
temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, a phenomenon
that is thought to be irreversibly altering the Earth's climate.

It has now become a major issue for the entire environment. It is

mostly caused by the greenhouse effect.
 EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING:
• Temperature rises on average
• Seasonal changes
• Severity of harsh weather events.
• Water and food shortages,
• Increased health risks,
• Coastal inundation,
• Increased frequency and intensity of cyclones and
hurricanes are all factors to consider.
  As the earth's temperature rises, a huge amount of
ice melts, causing a large volume of water to flow into
the ocean, raising the sea level.


 Since ice caps and glaciers have begun to melt,

species that reside in such habitats have begun to
relocate, potentially leading to extinction due to habitat
loss. Because of the vast volume of water evaporated
into the air as the sea level rises, high levels of
precipitation will occur, and the earth will suffer intense
rains or storms.
  Carbonic acid is created when carbon dioxide
dissolves in sea water, acidifying the ocean as indicated
by a pH shift.
 Furthermore, animals produce a lot of methane. Some
fertilizers also produce nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas
that contributes to the rise in global temperatures.
 The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon in which
radiation from the earth's atmosphere warms its surface
to a temperature higher than it would be without it.
Greenhouse gases are to blame.
 Everything happens in a series of
events. One effect can lead to the
occurrence of another. A lot can happen
to our ecosystem if we use these. Human
limitations can be pushed by a variety of
factors. It would put our health,
surroundings, and physical capabilities to
the test.
 II. CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change has arisen as a result of global warming.

These terms are sometimes used interchangeably, but they
are distinct. Changes in weather patterns and growing
seasons all around the world are referred to as climate
change. It also refers to the rise in sea level caused by
warmer oceans expanding and melting ice sheets and
glaciers. Climate change is a result of global warming, and it
poses a severe threat to human life on the planet in the form
of widespread flooding and catastrophic weather.
Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Super Typhoon Yolanda in
the Philippines, was one of the most intense tropical storms
ever recorded and was caused in part by climate change.
  Haiyan wreaked havoc on Southeast Asia, notably the
Philippines, when it made landfall. It is the deadliest typhoon
in Philippine history, with at least 6,300 people killed in the
country alone. Haiyan is tied with Meranti for the strongest
landfalling tropical cyclone on record, according to JTWC
estimates of 1-minute sustained winds.
 Bodies were still being discovered in January 2014. The
typhoon Yolanda phenomenon is one of the many difficult
issues that threatened to devastate Philippine civilization and
the rest of the world. It had an impact on the Filipinos'
physiological, emotional, and mental well-being, as well as
the world community's charity in times of need, regardless of
political allegiances.
  Yolanda was said to have been caused by global warming and
climate change. The issue is that most of us are aware that climate
change will have a significant impact on our society, but we do not
fully comprehend the phenomenon.
 Climate change is characterized by irregular changes in the world's
weather system, as evidenced by the following indicators: rising sea
levels, habitat destruction, Ocean acidification, extreme weather.
 These occurrences in various parts of the globe have an impact on
all people on the planet. All attempts to understanding and predicting
the possible implications of climate change are dominated by
uncertainty. Climate change, on the other hand, will have an impact
on every area of society, the environment, and the economy. Human
behavior, livelihoods, infrastructure, laws and regulations, and
institutions are all likely to be impacted.
 III. ADAPTATION
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Ways to adapt the situation of global

warming.
❏ Practice conservation of natural resources
 Air, water, soil, minerals, plants, and animals
are all natural resources on the planet.
Conservation is taking care of these resources
so that all living beings can benefit from them
now and in the future.
 III. ADAPTATION
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Ways to adapt the situation of global warming.
 Reduce pollution and waste

1. For on-the-go refreshments, use a reusable bottle or cup. Bringing your own
water with you reduces the likelihood of buying more expensive beverages on
the go. This will get rid of the single-use containers that they come in.
2. Reusable supermarket bags are useful for more than simply groceries. You
may already have a reusable grocery bag, similar to a reusable water bottle,
but it is sometimes forgotten at home.
3. Make prudent purchases and recycle what you can. You may limit the amount
of garbage you make by selecting products that have less wrapping or come
in recyclable packaging.
4. It should be composted! Compost and use your fruit and vegetable waste, egg
shells, coffee grounds, grass clippings, and leaves in your plant.
 III. ADAPTATION
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Ways to adapt the situation of global
warming.
❏ Reuse water
 Collecting part of the water you use in the shower is
the simplest way to start reusing water at home. A
simple bucket would suffice; simply place it beneath
the stream while waiting for the water to warm up,
then move it in front of you once you've jumped in. The
water can then be used to flush the toilet or irrigate
your garden.
 III. ADAPTATION
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Ways to adapt the situation of global
warming.

❏ Recycle products
Newspapers, magazines, mixed paper,
cardboard, tin cans, aluminum cans, glass jars,
and plastic containers are examples of
products that can contain recycled material.
 III. ADAPTATION
ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Ways to adapt the situation of global
warming.

❏ Conserve energy
 The efforts to reduce energy consumption by utilizing
less of an energy service is known as energy
conservation. This can be accomplished by either
using energy more efficiently (using less energy for a
consistent service) or lowering the amount of service
provided (for example, by driving less).
 GLOBAL RESPONSES
 Adaptation is a long-term process of making lasting
changes in response to climate change, with strong
policy connections to economic development,
poverty reduction, and disaster management
measures. At the international, national, regional,
municipal, and community levels, successful
adaptation programs will include longterm thinking
and consideration of climate change implications.
Climate change vulnerabilities, relevant
technologies, capability, and local coping strategies,
as well as government policies and actions, must all
be considered in adaptation planning.
 GLOBAL RESPONSES
 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
stated that unavoidable climate change impacts exceed
present coping capability, necessitating the implementation
of adaptation measures by societies and ecosystems.
 The IPCC defines adaptation as "adjustment of natural or
human systems to existing or anticipated climatic stimuli or
their effects that mitigates harm or leverages favourable
opportunities." Despite the fact that there are apparent ties
between disaster risk management and adaptation, the two
approaches are supported by separate institutions,
methodologies, and policy frameworks.
 GLOBAL RESPONSES
 Adaptation has a high price cost. According to the UN
Climate Change Secretariat, developing nations will need
between 28 and 67 billion dollars by 2030 to adapt to
climate change. Global adaptation funding is currently a
fraction of what is required.
 Adaptation isn't a one-off problem. It will have to be
factored into all future growth plans. At the international,
national, regional, municipal, and community levels,
successful adaptation programs will include long-term
thinking and consideration of climate change implications.
 GLOBAL RESPONSES
 To deal with uncertainty, adaptation methods must be robust
against a variety of potential climatic outcomes. It will also
necessitate significant investment, notwithstanding the necessity
to address cost estimation challenges. Reducing poorer countries'
vulnerability to climate change and ensuring that development
assistance does not lead to maladaptation.
 Citizen engagement and awareness are required to maintain
and prioritize climate change actions. We change, grow, adapt, and
possibly even learn and grow smarter as humans. As the
international body in charge of developing policy frameworks to
ensure a multifaceted approach to climate change, you, as a
member of society, may play a role.
IV. TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION AND OVERSEAS
FILIPINO WORKER
 Transnational migration occurs when people move
from one country to another while maintaining their
social ties. It's a global phenomenon that's only
becoming bigger in terms of scope, complexity, and
influence. Migration is a source and result of larger
development processes, as well as a fundamental
component of our globalizing world.
Trans-migrants are immigrants whose everyday lives
are reliant on many and continuous interconnections
across international borders, and whose public
identities are shaped by multiple nation-states.
FACTORS OF TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION
• Overpopulation
• Poverty
• Underemployment,
• Unemployment, and
• Low wage level
 People flee to neighboring nations as a result of overpopulation. These
people relocate to other countries because they believe their current home no
longer has adequate space for them. Migrants seeking new homes are more
likely to be found in countries with high population growth and density.
 They leave their home nation for a variety of reasons, including economic.
They migrate to other nations in pursuit of better economic opportunities for
their families. These people are motivated by a desire to profit. They send the
money to their relatives in their home country.
ADVANTAGES OF TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), are a well-known
example of transnational migration. According to the
2011 Philippine Overseas Employment Agency (POEA)
report, the Philippines has 10, 455, 788 million OFWs
spread throughout 236 countries and territories, making
it one of the top three labor-sending countries in the
world, after India and China. Remittances made for 12.65
percent of the Philippines' gross domestic product in
2012. (GDP). According to the National Statistics Office-
Survey of Filipinos [NSO-SOF] (2011), OFWs transferred a
large amount of these remittances in cash to the family
they left behind to help them alleviate household
financial restrictions, send their children to school, and
immigrate.
ADVANTAGES OF TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION
 With these figures, OFW remittances are hailed,
since they provide the country with greater economic
benefits; nonetheless, there has been much conjecture
about the costs of migration within Philippine society.
In an unusual turn of events, the Philippines has
become so successful as a labor exporter that it has
neglected to establish and deepen development
processes. The goal of sending a million workers per
year indicates that migration will play a significant role
in the country's long-term development plans and
prospects.
ADVANTAGES OF TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION
 Labor migration from the Philippines is expected to
continue even if the government does not intervene,
given to the growth of social networks, social capital, and
social remittances.
 Filipino society has changed into a migration-savvy
society, capable of responding to and adapting to the
shifting demands of the global labor market. Although it
is agreed that labor migration has benefited migrants
and their families, the economic benefits beyond the
family are less visible. While remittances are considered
to have boosted the country's economy, their
development effects have yet to be felt.
ADVANTAGES OF TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION

Filipinos' educational and professional

objectives were integrated into their
perceptions of the international labor
market. Individuals make choices based
on their ideas of what is best for them.
However, these choices can have a long-
term impact on communities and the
country.
DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSNATIONAL
MIGRATION
• Include anxiety about destabilizing
impacts of migrations and families.
• Delegation of responsibility to
grandparents / nannies to care for
their children.
• Apprehensions about materialism,
etc.
DISADVANTAGES OF TRANSNATIONAL
MIGRATION
While the Philippines' governments cannot prevent
individuals from leaving, they can play an important
role in tackling the physical, social, and cultural issues
that transnational migration brings. Housing, social
groups, and pre-departure orientation courses are all
examples of how they assist migrants in addressing
their concerns and resolving difficulties such as
xenophobia and other human rights violations. They'll
have to figure out how to use migration as a tool for
development. International talks and reflections on
migration and development going place in other
nations might teach the Philippines a lot.