Formation of Ions-Valency and Formular Simple Compounds Feb
Formation of Ions-Valency and Formular Simple Compounds Feb
CHEM
CLASS
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
PRIOR LEARNING/STARTER(5 min)
GET UP, LOOK FOR THE KEY WORD THAT
CORRESPONDS TO THE
DFINITION/STATEMENT YOU HAVE BEEN
GIVEN. STAND WHERE YOU LOCATE THE
KEY WORD.
FROM THIS ACTIVITY, WHAT MIGHT BE THE
BE THE TOPIC FOR TODAY’S LESSON?
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
OUTCOME
Group, Crisscross,
Periodic Table
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
L.O (1):
•
• To define the term ‘valency’ and predict
the valency of a given element using the
P.T.((Grade C )
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
TASK 1A (EVERYONE)[3 min]
VALENCY OF AN ELEMENT IS THE NUMBER OF
ELECTRONS A METAL ATOM WOULD LOSE, OR A
NONMETAL ATOM WOULD GAIN, DURING A CHEMICAL
REACTION
The valency of a given element depends on the group it belonds
to! Let’s go to the P.T.!
(EXPLANATION)
The ions in a compound must combine in the correct ratio. Use
your P.T. Write down the valency of the following elements
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
ANSWER
Write down the valency of the
following elements
Li:1 Ca:2 Al:3 Si:4 N:3 S:2 Cl:1
Ne:0
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
L.O (2):
To be able to predict the valency of an
element from its electronic diagram
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
‘VALENCE ELECTRONS’ AND ‘VALENCY’
VELENCE ELECTRONS ARE THE ELECTRONS ON
THE OUTER SHELL OF AN ATOM.
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
TASK 2(a) [3 min]
Key word: shells, nucleus, electrons, stable, unstable
Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels or ___ around the
___of an atom. Each shell has the maximum number of ___
that it can hold. Electrons fill the shell nearest the ___ first. If
all the shells of a atom are completely filled, the atom
becomes very ____. If not, the atom is ____.
SHELL/ENERGY MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ELECTRONS
LEVEL THAT THE SHELL CAN ACCOMMODATE
1ST SHELL 2
2ND SHELL 8
3RD SHELL 8
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
TASK 2(b) [7 min]
The electronic diagrams below are wrongly drawn by a student. In the space
beside each diagram, draw the correct diagram. Use the diagram to predict the
valency of the element. The first one has been done for you.
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
TASK 2(c). H.T EXTENSION (7 min)
The electronic diagrams below are wrongly drawn by a student. In the space
beside each diagram, draw another diagram as it should have been. Use the
diagram to predict the VALENCY of the element.
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
TASK 1(a): [L.T.] EVERYONE]
Metals lose electrons to be stable. Non-metals gain electrons to become stable
Rule: Valence electrons for a metal is the same as the group number. For a
non-metal, valency is 8 minus the group number
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
ANSWER
Metals lose electrons to be stable. Non-metals gain electrons to become stable
Rule: Valence electrons for a metal is the same as the group number. For a
non-metal, the number of electrons is 8 minus the group number
Example: Li 1 none 1
Example: N 5 3 none
Be 2 NONE 2
C 4 NONE 4
Ne 8 NONE NONE
Na 1 NONE 1
Al 3 NONE 3
P 5 3 NONE
Ar 8 NONE NONE
K 1 NONE 1
Ca 2 NONE 2
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
TASK 1(b) (INTERMEDIATE) IONS WORKSHEET
Element # Valence Electrons # Electrons to gain # Electrons to lose Ion Formed/ name
Li 1 None 1 Li +1 / cation
N 5 3 None N – 3 / anion
O
Ca
Br
S
Cl
K
Mg
Be
1. If Li loses an electron to another atom, why is it written Li + 1 (with a +1)?
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
ANSWER
Element # Valence Electrons # Electrons to gain # Electrons to lose Ion Formed/ name
Li 1 None 1 Li +1 / cation
N 5 3 None N – 3 / anion
O 6 2 NONE O2-
Ca 2 NONE 2 Ca2+
Br 7 1 NONE Br-
S 6 2 NONE S2-
Cl 7 1 NONE Cl-
K 1 NONE 1 K+
Mg 2 NONE 2 Mg2+
Be 2 NONE 2 Be2+
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
ANSWER
Write down the valency of the
following elements
Li:1 Ca:2 Al:3 Si:4 N:3 S:2 Cl:1
Ne:0
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
AFL TIME [4 miin]
• To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a
given element using the P.T.((Grade C )
• THINK-PAIR-SHARE
•
GREEN? YELLOW? RED?
the valencies o
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
CHEMICALLY COMBINE
TWO DIFFERENT ELEMENTS
A SUBSTANCE FORMED WHEN •
GROUP 1 [L.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
•
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
together
positive and negative ions join
•Name given to what you form when
GROUP 2[H.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
ON IT IS CALLED ________?
AN ION HAVING A PLUS (+) SIGN
GROUP 1 [L.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
•
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
positively charged ion
Term used to describe
GROUP 2[H.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
________?
SIGN ON IT IS CALLED
AN ION HAVING A MINUS (-)
GROUP 1 [L.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
•
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
negatively charged ion
Term used to describe
GROUP 2[H.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
ATOM BECOMES AN ION
THIS IS A PROCESS BY WHICH AN
GROUP 1 [L.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
•
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
gains or loses electrons
The process by which an atom
GROUP 2[H.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
an atom into an ion.
This term describes the energy needed to turn
GROUP 1 [L.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
•
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
from an atom
required to remove an electron
•The term that describes the energy
GROUP 2[H.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
nonmetal?
Which do you write first? Metal or
involving a metal or a nonmetal,
When writing the formula of a compound
GROUP 1 [L.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
•
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
____________first.
ionic compound we write the
When writing the formula of an
GROUP 2[H.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
Cations?
Do transition metals always form Anions or
GROUP 1 [L.T]
GROUP 2[H.T]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
(b) Gas configuration
(a) Noble gas electron configuration
arrangement that makes the atom stable is called
The expression used to describe the electron
GROUP 1 [L.T]
GROUP 2[H.T]
When an atom has a full outer energy level, similar to
a noble gas. This electron configuration is significant
because it represents a stable arrangement of
electrons to make the atom stable. What term is used
to describe this?
the valencies o
•
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
GREEN? YELLOW? RED?
L.O (3):
• To be able to deduce the formula
of a given compound from the
valencies of its elements(Grade
A/A*)
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
TASK 3(a) [3 min]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
ANSWER
LiF
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
TASK 3(a) (INTERMEDIATE)[ [5 min]
Key words one, two, Ca2+, Ca+, negative, loses, Cl-, positive,
gain, Cl2-
An ion is formed when an atom has gained or lost one or
more electrons. An ion has unequal number of protons and
electrons. So it has a charge.
The charge on the ion tells you the valency of the atom
When calcium reacts with chlorine, calcium
___________ its ________electrons to become a
______________ ion (_______).
Chlorine ___________ one electron to become a
________________ ion(__________).
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
ANSWER
The charge on the ion tells you the valency
of the atom.
When calcium reacts with chlorine,
calcium loses its two outer electrons to
become a positive ion (Ca2+).
Chlorine gains one electron to become a
negative ion(Cl-).
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
the valencies o
TASK 2b [EXTENSION]:[5 min]
i. Write the formula of calcium
chloride_________.
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
ACTIVITY FOR DIFFERENTIATION(5
min)
Two of you in the same group form a
binary compound. The boy is the metallic
element. Name the compound. Write your
answer on the mini-white board.
Remember to write the metal’s name first
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
NOW NAME THESE COMPOUDS
1. NaCl
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
ANSWER
SODIUM CHLORIDE
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
NOW NAME THIS COMPOUD
2. H2O
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
ANSWER
HYDROGEN OXIDE
OR
WATER
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
NOW NAME THESE COMPOUDS
1. MgF2
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
ANSWER
MAGNESIUM
FLUORIDE
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
AFL TIME
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to predict the
Learning objectives
valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade (2 MINS)
B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given compound from
•To identify different types of mixtures
the valencies o (Grade D).
•To describe the different purification methods(Grade C)
•To be able to explain the criteria used for the choice of a method (GRADE B)
•To be able to identify the applications of separation techniques in daily life(GRADE A/A*)
PLENARY
[7 min]
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
Use the ion cards. Combine the
red and the blue cards as
appropriate. Red cards are
metallic ions. Blue cards are
non-metallic ions.
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
1. Magnesium oxide
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
2. Magnesium sulphide?
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
3. Magnesium Nitride
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
NAME THE FOLLOWING
COMPOUNDS
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
GIVE THE NAME OF
THE BINARY
COMPOUND ON
YOUR MIN-WHITE
BOARD
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
CaCl2
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
AlN
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
Mg3N2
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
AFL TIME
• OVERALL, HOW WILL YOU
RATE YOUR PROGRESS
TODAY
• GREEN? YELLOW? RED?
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o
HOMEWORK
Due date: Next Lesson
SEE WS
• GOOD LUCK!
THANK
YOU.
To define the term ‘valency’ and predict the valency of a given element using the P.T.(Grade C ) To be able to
predict the valency of an element from its electronic diagram(Grade B) To be able to deduce the formula of a given
compound from the valencies o