Week

4 Illustrating Derivative of a Function

After going through this learning material,

you are expected to:
1)illustrate tangent line to the graph of a
function at a given point;
2)apply the definition of the derivative of
a function a given number;
3)relate derivative of a function to the to
the slope of a tangent line
 Week 4: Basic Calculus
Illustrating Derivative of a
Function

Week
4 Mrs. Maricel T. Oropilla
Week
4 Illustrating Derivative of a Function
THE DERIVATIVE of f(x) tells you the slope of a tangent line to the original
function at that value of x.

y = f(x)
Week
Tangent Lines
4
› A tangent line is a line that touches a curve at
only one point.
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒(𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒) m

(-1,2)

limit
𝑓 (𝑥 )− 𝑦 1
𝑚= lim
𝑥→𝑥 1
𝑥 − 𝑥1
Week
Tangent Lines
4
𝑓 (𝑥 )− 𝑦 1
𝑚= lim
𝑥→𝑥 1
𝑥 − 𝑥1
What is the equation of the tangent
line?

𝑓 ( 𝑥) − 𝑦 0
𝑚= lim
𝑥→𝑥 0
𝑥 − 𝑥0

(-1,2), m

y - = m (x - )
Equation of the tangent line
Week
4 Derivative using Tangent line
Example1. Find the derivative and equation of the tangent line to function y =
at x = -1.
𝑓 ( 𝑥) − 𝑦 0
𝑚= lim
𝑥→𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥0
0

2
2
f(x) = 𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1− 2 y - = m (x - )
𝑚= lim
= (−1)2 +1= 2 𝑥 →− 1 𝑥 −(−1)
2 y – 2 = -2 (x – (-1))
= 𝑥 −1
- 𝑚= lim y – 2 = -2 (x + 1)
𝑥 →− 1 𝑥 +1
( 𝑥 −1)( 𝑥 +1) y – 2 = -2x -2
𝑚= lim
𝑥 →− 1 𝑥 +1
y = -2x -2 +2
𝑚= lim 𝑥 − 1
𝑥 →− 1
y = -2x
𝑚 =− 1 − 1
𝑚 =− 2
Given Function:
2
𝑦 =𝑥 +1
Equation of Tangent Line
y = -2x
Point of Intersection
(-1, 2)

= -1
=2
Week
4 Derivative using Tangent line
Example 2. Find the derivative and equation of the tangent line to function
y = at x = 1
𝑓 ( 𝑥) − 𝑦 0
𝑚= lim
𝑥→𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥0
0

2
2
f(x) = 𝑥 +5 𝑥 + 4 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 4 −10
𝑚=lim y - = m (x - )
=12 +5 (1)+ 4= 10 𝑥→1 𝑥 −1
2 y – 10 = 7 (x – 1)
= 1 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 −6
𝑚=lim y –10 = 7x -7
𝑥→1 𝑥 −1
( 𝑥+6 )( 𝑥 −1) y = 7x -7 +10
𝑚=lim
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
y = 7x +3
𝑚 =lim 𝑥 +6
𝑥→1

𝑚 =1 + 6
𝑚 =7
Given Function:
y=

Equation of Tangent Line

y = 7x +3
Point of Intersection
(1, 10)

=1
= 10
Week
4 Derivative using Tangent line
Example 3. Find the derivative and equation of the tangent
line to function y = at x = 8.
𝑓 ( 𝑥) − 𝑦 0
𝑚= lim
𝑥→𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥0
0

y - = m (x - )
f(x) =√ 𝑥+1
𝑚=lim √ 𝑥 +1− 3
=√ 8 +1= 3 𝑥→8 𝑥 −8 y –3 = (x – 8)

= 𝑚=lim √ 𝑥 +1− √3𝑥+ 1+3

∙ y –3 = x -
8 𝑥→8 𝑥 − 8 √ 𝑥+ 1+3
2
( √ 𝑥 +1) − 9 y = x - +3
𝑚=lim
𝑥 → 8 𝑥 − 8( √ 𝑥 +1+3) y=x
𝑥+1
x - 8 −9
𝑚=lim y=x+
𝑥 → 8 𝑥 − 8( √ 𝑥 +1+3)

000 1 1 1 y=x+
𝑚 =lim ¿ ¿
𝑥→8 √ 𝑥 +1 +3
√ 8+1+ 3 6
Given Function:
y=

Equation of Tangent Line

y=x+
Point of Intersection
(8, 3)

=8
=3
WeekDefinition of the Derivative of a Function
4 The limit used to define the slope of a tangent line.
One of the two fundamental operations of calculus ---
differentiation (derivative)
𝑓 ( 𝑥) − 𝑦 0
𝑚= lim
𝑥→𝑥 0
𝑥 − 𝑥0
y = at x = -1. slope of tangent line at x =-1

Derivative of function at x =-1

Derivative y =
f(x𝑓+ () 𝑥 ) 𝑦0
- f(x)
𝑚= lim
𝑥 → 𝑥0 x𝑥
+ − x𝑥0

m=
∆ 𝑥→0
WeekDefinition of the Derivative of a Function
4 m=

𝑓 (𝑥+h)− 𝑓 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim
h →0 h
f ’(x) symbol for derivative (read “f prime of x” )
f ’(x) means first derivative
f ’’(x) means second derivative

𝒅𝒚 𝒅
, 𝒚 ′ , [ 𝒇 (𝒙)] ,𝑫 𝒙 [ 𝒚 ]
Other notations besides f’(x) include:

𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝑑𝑦 𝑓 (𝑥 +h)− 𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑓 (𝑥+ h)− 𝑓 (𝑥)
=lim 𝑦 ′=lim
𝑑𝑥 h → 0 h h→0 h
Week
4 Derivative
1. Find the derivative of the function f(x) =
𝑓 (𝑥+h)− 𝑓 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim
h →0 h
f(x + h) (=𝑥+ h)
2
+5 (x + h)+ 4 2 (𝑥¿¿2+5 𝑥+4)
𝑓 ′(𝑥)=lim (𝑥+h) +5 ( 𝑥+h ) +4− ¿
2 h→0 h 2
f(x)=𝑥 +5 𝑥 + 4 2 2
𝑥 +2 𝑥h +h +5 𝑥 +5 h+4 − 𝑥 −5 𝑥 − 4
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim
h →0 h 2
2 𝑥h + h +5 h
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )= lim
h →0 h
h (2 𝑥+ h +5 )
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )= lim
) h →0 h
Therefore, this is the slope of
′
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = 2 𝑥 +5the function at any point!
Week
4 Derivative
2. Find the derivative of the function f(x) =
𝑓 (𝑥+h)− 𝑓 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim
h →0 h
= 𝑥 +h) - 8
f(x + h) 2(
2
2 (2 𝑥 ¿¿ 2 − 8)
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim 2(𝑥 +h) −8 − ¿
2 h →0 h
f(x)=2 𝑥 −8 ¿ 2 2
2(𝑥 ¿ 2+2 𝑥h +h )−8 − 2 𝑥 +8
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim ¿
h →0 2 h2 2
2 𝑥 +4 𝑥h +2 h −8 − 2 𝑥 +8
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim
h →0 h 2
4 𝑥h + 2 h
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )= lim
h →0 h
h ( 4 𝑥 +2 h )
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )= lim
h →0 h
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )= lim ( 4′ 𝑥 +2 h)
Week
4 Derivative
3. Find the derivative of the function f(x) =
𝑓 (𝑥+h)− 𝑓 (𝑥)
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim
h →0 h
= 𝑥 +h)
f(x + h) 4(
3
3 ( 4 𝑥 ¿¿ 3)
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=lim 4( 𝑥 +h) − ¿
3 h →0 h 3
f(x)=4 𝑥 ¿ 2 2
4 (𝑥 ¿ 3+3 𝑥 h+3 𝑥 h +h )− 4 𝑥
3
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim ¿
h →0 3 2 h 2 3 3
4 𝑥 +12 𝑥 h+12 𝑥 h +4 h − 4 𝑥
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim
h →0 2 h 2 3
12 𝑥 h +12 𝑥 h + 4 h
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )=lim
h →0 2
h(12 𝑥 +12 h 𝑥h + 4 h 2 )
𝑓 ′ ( 𝑥 )= lim
h →0
2
h 2
𝑓 ′(𝑥 )=lim (12 𝑥 +12 𝑥h + 4 h )