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TLE 7- Lesson 5

The document provides an overview of number systems, focusing on decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems, and their significance in computing. It explains the conversion processes from decimal to binary and octal, including step-by-step examples. Additionally, it includes an activity section with questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

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Emelyn Q. Morillo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

TLE 7- Lesson 5

The document provides an overview of number systems, focusing on decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems, and their significance in computing. It explains the conversion processes from decimal to binary and octal, including step-by-step examples. Additionally, it includes an activity section with questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts presented.

Uploaded by

Emelyn Q. Morillo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 5: COMPUTER

NUMBER SYSTEM
LESSON OBJECTIVES:

AT THE END OF THE LESSON, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO,

1. EXPLAIN THE BASICS OF NUMBER SYSTEMS AND THEIR


SIGNIFICANCE IN COMPUTING.

2. IDENTIFY THE STEPS IN THE CONVERSION OF DECIMAL TO


BINARY.

3. CONVERT DECIMAL TO BINARY


A number system is a method of representing numbers using
specific rules. It provides a consistent way to express
numerical values. In mathematics, we use various number
systems to represent and manipulate numbers. Here are the
four most common types:
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM (BASE-10):

- The decimal system uses ten digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. ·


- Each position to the left of the decimal point represents powers of 10 (units,
tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.).
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM (BASE-2):

- The binary system uses only two digits: 0 and 1.


- It is widely used in computer science and digital electronics.

OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM (BASE-8):

- The octal system uses eight digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.


- It is less common but still used in some contexts.

HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM (BASE-16):

- The hexadecimal system uses sixteen digits: 0–9 and A–F (where A
represents 10, B represents 11, and so on).
- It is commonly used in computer programming and memory addressing.
THE NUMBER SYSTEM PLAYS A CRUCIAL ROLE IN
MATHEMATICS AND OUR DAILY LIVES.

1. REPRESENTATION OF QUANTITIES

2. FOUNDATION FOR MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS

3. TYPES OF NUMBERS

4. DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND DATA REPRESENTATION


The binary number system is a fundamental concept in computer
science and digital electronics. It uses a base-2 numeral system,
which means it only employs two distinct symbols: 0 (zero) and
1 (one).

Here are the key points about binary numbers:

- In binary, each digit is called a bit.


- The binary system is used internally by almost all modern
computers and electronic devices because it directly maps to
electronic circuits using logic gates.
- Unlike our everyday decimal system (base 10), which uses ten
symbols (0-9), binary uses only two symbols (0 and 1)
Conversion:

To convert a decimal number to binary, follow these


steps:

>Divide the decimal number by 2.


> Use the integer quotient obtained as the dividend for
the next step.
> Continue dividing until the quotient becomes 0.
> Write down the remainders in reverse order to get the
binary representation
Example: convert 4 to binary
let's convert the decimal number 4 to binary

step 1: divide 4 by 2. Quotient: 2, remainder: 0

step 2: divide 2 by 2. Quotient: 1, remainder: 0

step 3: divide 1 by 2. Quotient: 0, remainder: 1

reverse the remainders: 100


therefore, 4 in binary is 100
Example: convert 10 to binary
let's convert the decimal number 10 to binary

step 1: divide 10 by 2. Quotient: 5, remainder: 0

step 2: divide 5 by 2. Quotient: 2, remainder: 1

step 3: divide 2 by 2. Quotient: 1, remainder: 0

step 4: divide 1 by 2. Quotient: 0, remainder: 1

reverse the remainders: 1010


therefore, 10 in binary is 1010
The octal number system is a base-8 system that uses digits from 0
to 7 to represent any number. It is similar to other number systems
like binary and hexadecimal.
Here are some key points about octal numbers:

Base and digits: The base of the octal system is 8. It uses the digits
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Octal Binary Octal Binary
Digit Eq. Digit Eq.
0 000 3 011
1 001 4 100
Representation: 2 010 5 101
- Octal numbers are usually represented by binary numbers when
grouped in pairs of three.
-For example, the octal number 128 is expressed as 0010102 in
binary, where 1 is equivalent to 001 and 2 is equivalent to 010.
CONVERSION:

TO CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO OCTAL, WE USE THE OCTAL


DABBLE METHOD.

FOR EXAMPLE, TO CONVERT 56010 TO OCTAL:

560 ÷ 8 = 70 WITH A REMAINDER OF 0


70 ÷ 8 = 8 WITH A REMAINDER OF 6
8 ÷ 8 = 1 WITH A REMAINDER OF 0
1 ÷ 8 = 0 WITH A REMAINDER OF 1

SO, THE OCTAL REPRESENTATION IS 10608. Decimal based


10
Octal number
based 8
Activity:
Choose the correct answer from the choices for each question. (2 points each)

1. Which of the following best describes the binary number system?


a) A number system that uses 0-9
b) A number system that uses 0-7
c) A number system that uses 0-1
d) A number system that uses o-F

2. What is the first step in converting a decimal number to octal?


e) Divide the decimal number by 8
f) Write the decimal number in reverse order
g)Multiply the decimal number by 8
h)Add 8 to the decimal number
3. What do you do with the remainder of each division step?

a) Discard it
b) add it to the next division
c) use it to form the octal number
d) multiply it by 8

4. How do you determine the digits of the octal number?

a)The quotients of the divisions


b) the remainders of the divisions
c) the sum of the divisions
d) the difference between the divisions
5. What happens when the divisor becomes 0?
A) the process is complete
b) you start over with a new decimal number
c) you add 8 to the octal number
d) you multiply the octal number by 8

6. In what order should the digits of the octal number be


written?
A) in the order they were generated
b) in reverse order
c) from largest to smallest
d) from smallest to large

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