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Unit 2 Chap 2

The document discusses condensation and precipitation phenomena, explaining the processes of condensation, the role of condensation nuclei, and various forms of condensation such as dew, hoar frost, glazed frost, mist, fog, and haze. It also highlights how visibility can be affected by these phenomena, detailing the conditions under which mist and fog occur, as well as the impact of solid particles on visibility. Additionally, it outlines the characteristics of clouds as aggregates of water droplets or ice crystals.

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HARSH KUMAR
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2 views

Unit 2 Chap 2

The document discusses condensation and precipitation phenomena, explaining the processes of condensation, the role of condensation nuclei, and various forms of condensation such as dew, hoar frost, glazed frost, mist, fog, and haze. It also highlights how visibility can be affected by these phenomena, detailing the conditions under which mist and fog occur, as well as the impact of solid particles on visibility. Additionally, it outlines the characteristics of clouds as aggregates of water droplets or ice crystals.

Uploaded by

HARSH KUMAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONDENSATION AND

PRECIPITATION PHENOMENA
Unit 2 Chap 2
Marine Meteorology I -NS/ T14
B.Sc. Nautical Science
MANET, Pune.
CONDENSATION-

 Condensation-Condensation occurs when water vapor changes to a liquid.


For condensation to take place, the air must be saturated and there must
be a surface on which the vapor can condense.

 In the air above the ground, tiny particles known as condensation nuclei
serve as the surfaces on which water vapor condenses.

 Condensation Nuclei- Condensation Nuclei are small particles or aerosols


upon which water vapor attaches to initiate condensation. Ex- Dust
particles, Sea salt.
FREEZING NUCLEI-

 Any particle immersed within super cooled water, initiating


the growth of an ice crystal, about somewhat.
 Similar particles may nucleate at somewhat different
temperatures depending on the process.
 There are large variety of particles present in the
atmosphere with varying ACTIVATION TEMPERATURE. i.e.
Temperatures at which they become effective nucleators.
 Ex- Bacteria – Pseudomonas syringae nucleate ice at -200C.
 Mineral Particles- Clays -100 C t0 -200C.
CONDENSATION FORMS-

 DEW- When water vapor condenses into droplets of


water and gets deposited on exposed surfaces on or
near the ground , it is called dew.

 By late night or early morning the surface of the


land gets very cold and hence the air in contact
with it may get cooled below its dew point,
resulting in the formation of dew.

 Dew can also be formed at other times of the day if


a warm humid wind blows gently over a very cold
land surface. The presence of ice particles or water
on the surface speeds up the formation of dew.
HOAR FROST-

 Is the name given to ice crystals


deposited on exposed surfaces on or near
the ground when the ground temperature
is much lower than freezing point.
 In this case, the water vapor directly turns
into ice without becoming water.
 The presence of ice particles on the
surface quickens the formation of
hoarfrost.
 Hoarfrost should not be confused with
frozen dew. In the case of frozen dew, the
water vapor becomes water and then
freezes.
GLAZED FROST-

 Is a thin transparent, smooth layer of Ice formed


when rain or drizzle fall on a surface whose
temperature is below freezing point glazed frost
can also form if a warm moist current of air
blows over a very cold surface.

 In the UK, glazed frost is called BLACK ICE, as


it can not be distinguished against a black road
surface.

 It is dangerous to walk or drive on glazed frost


as it is very smooth and slippery.
MIST
 Mist is said to exist when visibility is
reduced by water particles that have
condensed on dust, minute particles of salt
etc. but are so small that they remain
suspended in the air.
 Mist can occur when relative humidity is as
low as 80% the radius of the droplets of
water is less than 1 micron .
 FOG- If mist becomes dense and reduces
visibility to 1 Km or less it is called FOG.
 Fog generally occurs when relative humidity
is 90% or more the radius of the droplets of
water is between 1 to 10 microns.
 Mist is always experience before and after
fog.
HAZE

 If visibility is reduced by solid particles


such as dust, sand, volcanic ash etc. in
the air, haze is said to exist. Haze can, in
rare cases, reduce visibility to 200 mtrs or
less.

 CLOUDS- Visible aggregates of minute


droplets of water or tiny crystals of Ice,
are one form of condensation.
VISIBILITY

 Visibility is the transparency of the atmosphere and is


defined as the maximum distance at which an object can
be clearly seen and distinguished in normal daylight.
 Visibility can be reduced by liquid or solid particles in the air
as in the following cases Ex- Mist, Fog, Spray, Dust,
Precipitation, Smoke, Volcanic ash.
 Water Vapor is a transparent gas and does not reduce
visibility.
 In the absence of any particles in the air, visibility through
the atmosphere is about 130 nautical miles.

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