INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

BUS 3603 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT

PROJECT GOVERNANCE
Unit Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this unit, students will be able to
• explain the integrative approach to project governance, including the role of
project management software in project governance;
• describe the technical and socio-cultural dimensions of managing a project, and
how to develop a work breakdown structure (WBS) as a tool to support both the
technical and socio-cultural components of project management;
• assess the relationship between project management and operations
management;
• identify the purposes and functions of the Project Management Institute; and
• develop project plan and work breakdown structure (WBS) with tasks and
subtasks, and set up project space using PM software.
 Integrative Approach to Project
Governance
Project Governance refers to the framework, functions, and processes that
guide project management decisions. It ensures that projects are aligned
with organizational goals and delivers accountability throughout the
project lifecycle.
An integrative approach to project governance involves coordinating
various aspects of the project (scope, time, cost, quality, resources, and
risks) to maintain project alignment with strategic objectives.
This approach emphasizes:
• Collaboration among stakeholders: Ensures diverse perspectives and
requirements are incorporated.
• Decision-making frameworks: These provide clear roles and
responsibilities for decisions at different project stages.
• Risk and issue management: Systems to monitor and mitigate potential
problems
 Role of Project Management
Software in Project Governance
Project management software plays a vital role in maintaining
effective governance by:
• Centralizing data: Consolidating project plans, progress reports,
resource allocation, and risk assessments.
• Tracking performance: Tools like dashboards and Gantt charts help
monitor progress and compliance with governance standards.
• Facilitating communication: Ensures all stakeholders have access to
up-to-date information, reducing miscommunication.
• Automating compliance: Software like MS Project, Asana, or Jira
enables organizations to enforce governance policies through built-in
rules, workflows, and documentation tracking
 Technical and Socio-Cultural Dimensions of
Managing a Project, and Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)

Project management is a multifaceted discipline involving both

technical and socio-cultural dimensions.
• Technical Dimension:
• This refers to the processes, tools, and methodologies used to
complete a project. It includes:
• Scope management: Defining project deliverables.
• Schedule and time management: Creating timelines.
• Budget and cost control: Monitoring and managing project expenses.
• Risk management: Identifying and mitigating risks.
• Quality management: Ensuring the project meets specific standards.
 Socio-Cultural Dimension
This focuses on the people-related aspects of the project,
including:
• Leadership: The ability of the project manager to inspire,
guide, and direct team members.
• Communication: Ensuring clear, consistent information flows
between stakeholders.
• Team dynamics: Managing diverse team members’
contributions, promoting collaboration, and resolving conflicts.
• Cultural and ethical awareness: Recognizing and addressing
different values, norms, and behaviors within global teams.
 Work Breakdown Structure
(WBS)
The WBS is a hierarchical decomposition of the project into
smaller, manageable parts, breaking the project scope into
tasks and subtasks.
It supports both technical and socio-cultural components
by:
• Technical support: Providing a clear structure of
deliverables and tasks that can be measured and tracked.
• Socio-cultural support: Facilitating communication by
clarifying roles, reducing ambiguities in task allocation,
and improving team coordination.
 STEPS TO DEVELOP WBS

• Start with the project scope: Identify key deliverables.

• Decompose the deliverables: Break down the larger
deliverables into smaller tasks.
• Organize tasks: Group tasks under major phases or
functional areas of the project.
• Assign roles: Allocate tasks to specific individuals or
teams.
• Monitor and update: Review and modify the WBS as the
project evolves.
 Benefits of WBS
1. Clear Project Scope Definition
The WBS breaks down the project into smaller, manageable parts, making it easier to
define and understand the project scope. It helps avoid scope creep by ensuring every
element of the project is accounted for.
2. Improved Task Management
By dividing the project into tasks and subtasks, the WBS helps project managers and
teams understand what needs to be done, who is responsible for each part, and the
timeline for completion.
3. Better Resource Allocation
The WBS allows for precise identification of the resources (time, people, budget) required
for each task, enabling better planning and resource distribution.
4. Enhanced Communication and Collaboration
The WBS provides a clear visual and structural representation of the project, facilitating
communication among stakeholders. It ensures that everyone, from team members to
 8. Supports Quality Assurance
As tasks are broken down into smaller units, it becomes
easier to ensure that quality standards are met at every
stage of the project.

Benefits of 9. Facilitates Project Control and Accountability

The WBS assigns clear ownership for each task, ensuring
WBS accountability. This structure enables better control over
the project’s progress and adherence to the project plan.
10. Simplifies Complex Projects
The WBS provides a simplified, hierarchical view of
complex projects, making it easier to manage, delegate
tasks, and follow the overall workflow from start to finish.
 5. Risk Management
By breaking down the project into smaller
components, the WBS allows for easier
identification of risks at each level. This structured
approach enables better planning for risk
mitigation.
Benefits of 6. Progress Monitoring

WBS WBS helps in tracking progress and milestones.

With each task clearly defined, project managers
can easily monitor the completion of tasks and
identify potential delays.
7. Cost Estimation and Control
The detailed structure of a WBS makes it easier to
estimate costs for each task. It also allows for more
effective cost control, as managers can track
expenditures against individual components of the
project.
CREATING A WBS
Identify major
deliverables: Begin
Assign tasks to teams:
with broad categories, 1
Clarify responsibilities.
then decompose them
into smaller tasks.

Organize tasks
hierarchically: Use a
Monitor progress:
visual chart to show 3 Update the WBS as the
the breakdown from
project progresses.
major deliverables to
tasks and subtasks.
 Project Management and
Relationshi Operations Management are distinct
yet interrelated fields within an
p Between organization.

Project Project Management:

• Focuses on temporary endeavors
Managemen to create a unique product, service, or
result.
t and • It has a defined start and end date,
Operations with specific
deliverables.
objectives and

Managemen • Involves managing scope, schedule,

t budget, quality, resources, and risks
to achieve a project’s goals.
Relationshi Operations Management:
• Focuses on the ongoing,
p Between repetitive processes of an
Project organization that create goods
or services.
Managemen • It ensures the efficient and
t and effective functioning of the
Operations organization on a daily basis.
• Involves activities such as
Managemen supply chain management,
t production, and maintenance.
Class • Get into your groups and
pick at least two benefits
Activity of the WBS to discuss in
class.
• Pick at least two
representatives to
present this assignment
to the class.
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Project handovers to operations: After a project is completed, its

outcomes (e.g., a new system or product) are often transferred to
operations for maintenance and continuous improvement.

Shared resources: Operations and project teams may share resources

(people, tools, and technology), and balancing these resources is crucial
to avoid conflicts.

Cross-functional collaboration: Some projects, such as process

improvements or new product development, may involve close
cooperation between project managers and operations managers to
ensure alignment with ongoing operations.
 The Project Management Institute (PMI) is a global non-
profit professional organization for project management. It is
widely recognized as a leading authority on project
Identify the management practices and standards.
Purposes Purposes of PMI:
and • Standardization: PMI develops widely recognized standards
and practices in project management, such as the PMBOK
Functions of (Project Management Body of Knowledge).
the Project • Professional certification: PMI offers globally recognized
Management certifications like PMP (Project Management Professional),
CAPM (Certified Associate in Project Management), and PgMP
Institute (Program Management Professional).
(PMI) • Education and training: Provides resources, guides,
seminars, and courses to advance the skills and knowledge of
project managers.
• Research and advocacy: PMI promotes project management
research and thought leadership to advance the field globally.
FUNCTIONS OF PMI

Certification and accreditation: PMI is responsible for

issuing certifications that validate a project manager’s
expertise and skills.

Community building: Provides networking opportunities

through chapters, interest groups, and global events.

Advancing project management practices: Through

continuous updates to its standards, PMI helps set
benchmarks for professional practices.
 Project Plan Development:
• A project plan outlines the project’s goals,
Project deliverables, timelines, and resource allocation.
Plan, Work It includes several core components:
Breakdown • Scope: Define the work that needs to be done.
Structure • Timeline and schedule: Plan start and finish
dates for tasks.
(WBS) with • Resources and budget: Identify necessary
Tasks and resources and outline financial considerations.
Subtasks, • Risk management: Anticipate potential risks
and outline mitigation strategies.
and PM
• Stakeholder management: Ensure
Software communication plans for all involved parties.
Setting Up Project Space in PM
Software
Using software like
Input the WBS: Enter
Microsoft Project, Set deadlines:
tasks and subtasks,
JIRS, Asana, or Schedule timelines and
assigning them to
Monday.com allows milestones.
individuals or teams.
teams to:

Track progress: Use Collaborate and

Allocate resources: built-in tracking tools communicate: PM
Identify people and like Gantt charts, software provides
resources needed for Kanban boards, or task platforms for real-time
each task. lists to monitor collaboration and
completion. updates.
 LEARNING ACTIVITY

Kindly check moodle for your assignments and task and submit
before the due date.

Late submission attracts penalty

Be sure to use your own words and reference using the APA 7th
edition

Thank you for coming to class!

 REFERENCES

• Cohen, E. (2024, June 25). 7 proven steps to mastering work breakdown structure
(WBS) for project success. Workamajig.
https://www.workamajig.com/blog/work-breakdown-structures-wbs
• Researcher Property. (n.d.). Work breakdown structure (WBS) [Diagram]. ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Work-Breakdown-Structure-WBS-Source-Researcher
-Property-The-notion-of-Work-Breakdown_fig2_376576973
• Elliott, A. (2023, August 16). What is a work breakdown structure? Forbes.
https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/what-is-work-breakdown-structure/
• Kerzner, H. (2022). Project management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling,
and controlling (13th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
• Project Management Institute. (2021). A guide to the project management body of
knowledge (PMBOK® guide) (7th ed.). Project Management Institute.
 Assume you are a Wedding Planner. You have
been assigned a project to manage the wedding
reception for John and Jane Doe, which will be on
June 5th, 2022. The budget for this project is
$20,000.00. The scope of the project is to:
Wedding • identify the venue for the wedding reception,
Planner • identify someone to officiate at the reception,
• decorate the venue in accordance with the color
Activity scheme of the wedding,
• arrange the guest lists and send out invitations,
and
• plan and organize the food, cake,
entertainment, and transportation for the bridal
party.
 Requirements:
• Set up your PM software account and get access to your group
space with the invitation link that will be shared by your instructor
and found in your email inbox. Read the PM Guide resource to
get familiar with the process. (Note: Use YU email to sign up for a
free account).

Wedding • In the shared folder, create a new list and name it after the
“Learning Activity”.
Planner • Develop your work breakdown structure (WBS) with tasks and
subtasks that will help you to identify the tasks that you will need
Activity later assigned to your team members using PM software.
• Students will be required to share the zoom screen and
demonstrate/explain to the class how they created their Account
and show what their project list looks like – Explaining how and
why they organized the WBS the way they did.
SLIDO
QUESTIONS