EXPLORING

VOLCANO
ES
Volcanoes are majestic natural wonders that
captivate our imagination and shape the
landscapes around us. In this presentation, we
will learn about:
• what volcanoes are
• the different types of volcanoes
• the different types of eruptions
they can have
• materials released during volcanic
eruptions
• how we can prepare for volcanic
events
 RING OF FIRE
The Ring of Fire is a
horseshoe-shaped belt of
intense volcanic activity and
frequent earthquakes that
encircles the edges of the
Pacific Ocean. This region is
home to approximately 75%
of the world's active
volcanoes and is caused by
the movement and collision
of tectonic plates. The Ring
of Fire has a significant
Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust through
which molten rock, gas, and other materials are released
from deep within the Earth.

Volcanoes are formed when molten

rock called magma rises to the
surface. The magma can come from
the Earth's mantle or from
subduction zones where one
tectonic plate slides beneath
another.
PARTS OF A VOLCANO ash cloud

crater lava flow

sill conduit

magma cone
chamber
base
MAGMA CRATER:
CHAMBER:
A reservoir where The bowl-shaped
magma is stored depression at the top of
beneath the volcano. the volcano.
ASH CLOUD: CONE:
Mass of tiny volcanic rock Steep, conical-shaped hill
fragments, dust, and gases that or mountain formed by
are released into the air. layers of volcanic
CONDUIT: material.
LAVA:
A pipe-like structure that
connects the magma Molten rock that flows
chamber to the surface. from a volcano during an
SILL: eruption.
Flat rock formation that forms when
molten magma cools and solidifies in
a crack or fissure.
TYPES OF

VOLCANO
ES
DESCRIPTION:

Broad, gently sloping volcanoes with a shape

resembling a warrior's shield. They are formed
from layers of cooled lava.
ERUPTION
STYLE:
Generally characterized by non-explosive, effusive
eruptions with the outpouring of lava flows.

EXAMPLES:

Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Mount Etna

in Italy

SHIELD VOLCANO
DESCRIPTION:

Steep-sided, conical volcanoes formed by

explosive eruptions of ash, cinders, and dust.

ERUPTION
STYLE:
Explosive eruptions that eject fragments of
lava and volcanic ash into the air.

EXAMPLES:

Paricutin in Mexico, Sunset Crater CINDER CONE VOLCANO

in Arizona
DESCRIPTION:

Tall and symmetrical volcanoes

composed of layers of lava flows
and volcanic ash.
ERUPTION
STYLE:
Can have both explosive
eruptions and effusive eruptions.

EXAMPLES:

Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount St.

Helens in the United States

COMPOSITE CONE
VOLCANO
TYPES OF

VOLCANO
ERUPTION
S
ICELANDIC ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:
Volcanic eruptions produce runny lava that floods
the Earth's surface through long cracks called
fissures, which can be up to 15 miles long.
EXAMPLES:

The Deccan Plateau in India and the Columbia

Plateau in the western United States are both
large lava plateaus. The Deccan Plateau covers
100,000 square miles while the Columbia Plateau
is the largest lava plateau in the world.
HAWAIIAN ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:

Volcanic eruptions characterized by

numerous fissures result in large
quantities of hot, thin, and runny lava
that flows rapidly out of the main vent.
EXAMPLE:

Kilauea, located on the Big Island of

Hawaii
STROMBOLIAN
ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Short, explosive eruptions shoot thick and pasty
lava, steam, and gas into the air, producing little to
no lava. The resulting steep-sided cone is called a
cinder cone.
EXAMPLES:
Named after the volcanic island of Stromboli near Italy,
eruptions have been occurring almost continuously for
centuries. Due to its frequent eruptions, Stromboli is
often referred to as the "Lighthouse of the
Mediterranean," as it erupts approximately every 20
minutes.
VULCANIAN ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:

Vulcanian eruptions produce high dark clouds of

steam, ash, and gas, which build a cauliflower-
shaped head and a thinner, tree trunk-like base.
After this, thick pasty lava is ejected. These
eruptions usually build a steep-sided cone that is
more symmetrical than a cinder cone.
EXAMPLES:

Krakatoa (Krakatau) in Indonesia, and Katla

in Iceland
STRATOVOLCANOES ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:
The most common type of volcanic cone, first the
volcano will have an explosive eruption that ejects
huge amounts of steam, gas, and ash followed by
the ejection of lava. They are created from a
combination of eruptions forming layers of ash and
lava.
EXAMPLES:
Mt. Fuji in Japan, and Mt. Etna in Sicily
PELEAN ERUPTION
DESCRIPTION:
Violent explosion resulting in the collapse of
the volcano's summit and the release of a
destructive pyroclastic flow. This flow is a
rapid and destructive mixture of hot ash, gas,
and rocks that annihilates everything in its
EXAMPLES:
path.
Mount Pelée in Martinique, and Soufrière
Hills in Montserrat
PLINIAN ERUPTION

DESCRIPTION:

The most powerful eruption type,

with a towering ash cloud reaching
up to 50,000 feet (about 10 miles)
in height, and extremely dangerous
pyroclastic flows.
EXAMPLES:

Mt. Vesuvius in Pompei, and Mount St.

Helens in United States
 SURTSEYAN ERUPTIONS

DESCRIPTION:

Surtseyan eruptions are

characterized by the interaction
between magma and water, which
can lead to explosive eruptions that
create a mixture of steam, ash, and
rock fragments. The interaction of
the magma with the water creates
a rapidly expanding steam-filled
cavity.
MATERIALS FROM

VOLCANO
ERUPTION
S
LAVA
Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption.

PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL:
Fragments of lava, ash, and rock ejected into the air during
explosive eruptions.

VOLCANIC ASH:

Fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock that can be carried by wind

over long distances.
VOLCANIC
GASES:
Gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide,
and others, released during eruptions.
PREPARING FOR

VOLCANO
ERUPTION
S
 Volcanic eruptions can be dangerous, but with proper
preparation, we can stay safe. Here's how:

STAY INFORMED EMERGENCY PLAN EMERGENCY KIT EVACUATION ROUTES

Pay attention to Create a family Prepare a kit Familiarize

official emergency plan with essential yourself with
warnings, that includes items like food, evacuation
updates, and meeting points, water, first aid routes and
evacuation communication supplies, practice
orders from methods, and a flashlights, and evacuation drills
local designated batteries. with your family.
authorities. emergency kit.
WRITE THE PRESENTER'S NAME

THANK
YOU!
Write contact details
PARTS OF A VOLCANO 1

5 2

6 3

7 4

8
Quiz 03
Identify the type of eruption exhibited by the illustrations below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 2. 3.
Quiz 03
Identify the type of eruption exhibited by the illustrations below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

4. 5. 6.
Quiz 03
Identify the type of eruption exhibited by the illustrations below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

7. 8. 9.
Quiz 03
Identify the type of eruption exhibited by the illustrations below.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

7. 10. 9.