Chassis System

The vehicle Chassis System includes the Frame, Suspension, Steering,

Brakes, Tires and wheels. It manages the driving, turning, and stopping
function.

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 Chassis -Frame
The Frame is a structural, load-carrying component that supports the car's
engine and body.
Moncoque

Ladder Frame

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 Chassis –Steering System
The Steering system changes the direction of travel of the vehicle.

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 Chassis –Braking System
The Braking decelerates or stop the vehicle.

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 Chassis –Tires and Wheels
The Tires and wheels supports the vehicle through contact with the road
surface.

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 Suspension System-Functions

The suspension system of a vehicle maximizes the friction between the tires
and the road surface, to provide steering stability with good ride and handling
and to ensure the comfort of passengers.

Ride - a car's ability to smooth out a bumpy road

Handling - a car's ability to safely accelerate, brake and corner

The mass of the vehicle (un-sprung mass) provides the downward force by the
action of gravity for getting the contact to the road surface.

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Main component of a suspension system

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 Main component of a suspension system
Springs

Shock absorber

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 Main component of a suspension system
Stabilizer bar

Ball joint

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 Types of Springs
The role of the springs is to absorb the impact from the road surface and reduce
the vibration that transmits to the body.
Coil spring Leaf spring Torsional bar spring

The coil spring is The leaf spring serves as The torsional bar spring
superior in damping an arm to support the axle, utilizes the steel bar's
impact in addition to in addition to functioning elasticity against torsion. It
being light, and gives an as a spring. It is durable, is used on trucks due to its
excellent ride. It is used but gives an uncomfortable simple construction and
primarily on passenger ride because of its heavy, good ride.
cars. sturdy construction. It is
used primarily on trucks.
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 Sprung and unsprung mass

The unsprung mass includes the mass of the

tyres, brakes, suspension linkages and other
components that move in unison with the
wheels.
The unsprung mass is in the range of 13-15 %
of the curb mass of the vehicle.

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 Shock Absorber
The shock absorbers restrain the movement of
springs by the resistance of the oil that flows
through a path in the piston. They also absorb the
vibrations of the vehicle body, and give a good ride.

Valve

Orifice

Fluid

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 Types of Suspension system
Independent suspension:
When both wheels move up and down independently.
Each wheel is mounted on an independent arm connected to the
Body.

Rigid axle suspension:

Both wheels attached to the same solid axle.

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Types of independent suspension

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Types of rigid axle suspension

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 Independent suspension-Macpherson strut type
Macpherson suspension that does not have an upper arm, resulting in a
simpler construction than the double wishbone type. It can be serviced more
easily because it has fewer components. It is used primarily for the front
suspension of FF vehicles.

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 Independent suspension- Double Wishbone type
Double Wishbone suspension consists of upper and lower arms that support
the wheel and a knuckle that links the arms. The arms receive the longitudinal
and latitudinal forces, enabling the spring to support only the vertical load.

Although its construction

is complex because it
involves many parts, it is
highly rigid to firmly
support the wheels.
Because the layout of this
suspension can be designed
freely, it offers both a
comfortable ride and
driving stability. It is
widely used for FR
vehicles.

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 Independent suspension- Semi-trailing type
In Semi-trailing type the rear suspension arm is mounted at a prescribed angle
to the rear suspension member in order to withstand a greater lateral force. This
design offers the same effect as if the arm had been made more rigid. It is used
on the rear suspension of some FR

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 Rigid axle suspension-Torsion beam type
Torsion beam type suspension consists of left and right trailing arms connected
to the crossbeam. Similar to the link-type suspension, the springs support only
the vertical force. It has a simple construction and gives a good ride. This type
of suspension is used on the rear suspension of lightweight FF vehicles.

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 Rigid axle suspension-4-link type
In 4-link type the upper and lower control arms are mounted longitudinally to the
vehicle body at each end of the axle, and another arm is mounted latitudinally from
one end of the axle to the body. These arms support the longitudinal and latitudinal
forces that act on the axle, enabling the springs to support only the vertical force.
The construction is
slightly complex,
although it gives a
better ride than the
leaf springs.
It is used on the rear
suspension of 1-box,
SUV, FR, and 4WD
vehicles.

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 Rigid axle suspension-Leaf spring type
Each end of the axle that joins both wheels is attached to a leaf spring. The
leaf springs, which are parallel to each other, are mounted longitudinally to
the vehicle body. The force that acts on the axle is transmitted to the body via
the springs. This type is used primarily on the rear suspension of vans and
trucks due to its simple and sturdy construction.

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Q1. Why do we need to have a suspension system?
Q2. What is the role of sprung-mass and un-sprung mass in suspension?
Q3. Make a list of different types of commonly used suspension systems in the
following vehicles: passenger cars, pick-ups, trucks, rickshaws, motorcycle,
tractor. (clearly specifying the front and rear suspension of the vehicle)
Q4. What conclusions can you draw from the specification given below?

Hint:

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