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Chapter 4a Single Phase Controlled Rectifiers

The document discusses single-phase controlled rectifiers, focusing on thyristor-based rectifiers that allow for controlled output voltage through phase control. It explains the types of controlled rectifiers, including fully controlled and half-controlled rectifiers, and illustrates their operation with various firing angles and load types. Additionally, it covers the characteristics of full-wave and half-controlled rectifiers, including their behavior with resistive and inductive loads.

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13 views32 pages

Chapter 4a Single Phase Controlled Rectifiers

The document discusses single-phase controlled rectifiers, focusing on thyristor-based rectifiers that allow for controlled output voltage through phase control. It explains the types of controlled rectifiers, including fully controlled and half-controlled rectifiers, and illustrates their operation with various firing angles and load types. Additionally, it covers the characteristics of full-wave and half-controlled rectifiers, including their behavior with resistive and inductive loads.

Uploaded by

elie.mukongo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32

POWER ELECTRONICS

SINGLE –PHASE CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

LECTURE 4

1
Introduction
 Diodes of rectifier circuits in previous lecture are replaced by
thyristors.

 In thyristor based rectifiers, output voltage can be controlled. So


they are termed as controlled rectifiers.

 Controlled rectifiers produce variable DC output, whose magnitude


is varied by Phase control.
Phase Control
DC output from rectifier is controlled by controlling duration of the
conduction period by varying the point at which gate signal is
applied to SCR.

 Main drawback of phase control is Radio Frequency Interference


(RFI)

2
 Controlled rectifiers are of two types,
1- Fully Controlled rectifiers
DC current is unidirectional, but DC voltage has either
polarity. With one polarity, flow of power is from AC source to DC
load---Rectification.
With the reversal of DC voltage by the load, flow of power
is from DC load to AC source---Inversion.

2- Half controlled rectifiers


Half of SCRs are replaced by diodes.
DC output current and voltage are unidirectional. i.e.,
flow of power is from AC source to DC load.

3
Half-Wave Controlled
Rectifiers

4
With Resistive Load

5
Control characteristics of half-wave rectifier

6
With an Inductive (RL) Load

7
With Inductive Load and
Freewheeling Diode

8
Full-Wave Controlled
Center-Tap Rectifiers

9
With Resistive Load

10
With an Inductive (RL) Load

11
Control Characteristics for center-tap rectifier

12
With Freewheeling Diode

13
Example

Explain with the help of waveforms the operation of a full-wave fully


controlled bridge rectifier with RL load for the following firing angles:
(a) 0°
(b) 45°
(c) 90°
(d) 135°
(e) 180°

Assume highly Inductive Load

14
Voltage and current waveforms for α=0°

• During positive-half cycle of source


voltage, SCR1 is forward biased and SCR2
is reverse biased. During negative half-
cycle, SCR2 is forward biased and SCR1 is
reverse biased. In either case voltage
across the load is Vs.

• Output is similar to uncontrolled rectifier.

• Each SCR conducts for 180° and supplies


current to the load for this period

15
Voltage and current waveforms for α=45°

• Average DC output voltage decreases.

• If SCR1 is triggered at 45°, SCR2 will


conduct upto that point, even though
the source voltage is zero, due to
highly inductive nature of load.

• When SCR1 is turned on, SCR2 is


turned off.

• Current to the load is supplied by SCR1


and SCR2, each conducting for 180°

16
Voltage and current waveforms for α=90°

• Average DC voltage is zero, so there


is no transfer of power from AC
source to DC load.

• Each SCR remains in conduction for


180°

• As firing angle is increased from


0 to 90°, the power supplied to
the DC load decreases, becoming
zero at α=90°

17
Voltage and current waveforms for α=135°

• Average DC voltage is negative.

• Load current still flows in each SCR


for 180° in its original direction.

• Load voltage has changed polarity.

• Power now flows from DC load to AC


source .

• Circuit acts like an inverter.

18
Voltage and current waveforms for α=180°

• Average output DC voltage is at its


maximum negative value.

• SCRs remain in conduction for 180°

19
Example
Show direction of power flow and operating mode (rectifying or
inversion) of center-tap rectifier circuit with following firing
angles:

A) α > 0°
B) α < 90°
C) α > 90°
D) α < 180°

20
Solution

• For firing angle in the range 0° < α < 90°


1.Average output voltage is positive.
2.Converter operates in the rectifying mode.
3.Power to the load is positive
4.Power flow is from AC source to the DC load.

• For firing angle in the range 90° < α < 180°


1.Average output voltage is negative
2.Converter operates in inversion mode
3.Power to the load is negative
4.Power flow is from DC load to AC source

21
Full-Wave Controlled
Bridge Rectifier

22
With Resistive Load

23
With an Inductive (RL) Load

24
For L >>> R

25
Control characteristics for bridge rectifier

26
With RL load and freewheeling diode

27
Half-Controlled
OR
Semicontrolled Bridge Rectifiers

28
• In fully-controlled rectifier, only rectification can be obtained by
connecting a freewheeling diode across the output terminals of
the rectifier.

• Another method of obtaining rectification in bridge rectifiers is


replacing half of the SCRs with diodes. These circuits are called
semicontrolled bridge rectifiers.

29
Full-wave semicontrolled bridge
rectifier circuit

30
Semicontrolled bridge rectifier with FWD

31
Dual Converter

32

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