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Akmal Khan Group 03

The document outlines the design of steel beams according to AISC specifications, detailing the fundamental concepts, design steps, and solved problems related to beam design. It covers topics such as flexural strength, local and global instability, and the classification of shapes, alongside practical design steps for selecting appropriate beam shapes. Additionally, it provides examples of solved problems to illustrate the application of these concepts in real scenarios.

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12 views52 pages

Akmal Khan Group 03

The document outlines the design of steel beams according to AISC specifications, detailing the fundamental concepts, design steps, and solved problems related to beam design. It covers topics such as flexural strength, local and global instability, and the classification of shapes, alongside practical design steps for selecting appropriate beam shapes. Additionally, it provides examples of solved problems to illustrate the application of these concepts in real scenarios.

Uploaded by

mekailpervaiz48
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Design of Steel Beams according

to AISC Specification
Design of Steel Beams according to AISC Specification

Group Members
Akmal Khan (Group Leader) 53694 Saboor Khan 53247
Nadia Majeed 53111
Ahmed Ullah 53530
Nasir Khan 55080
Zara Rafique 54163
Abaseen Khan 53457
Mir Ali Abbas 50748
Muhammad Moiz 54406
Department of Civil Engineering, FOE&A,
BUITEMS, Quetta
Contents

1. Introduction
I. What are Beams?
II. Basic concepts used in beam design

2. Design Steps

3. Solved Problems on Beam Design


I. Problem 1
II. Problem 2
III. Problem 3
IV. Problem 4
1. Introduction
I. What are Beams
• Beams are structural members that support transverse loads
and are therefore subjected primarily to flexure, or bending.

• If a substantial amount of axial load is also present, the


member is referred to as a beam-column.

• Commonly used cross-sectional shapes include the W, S, and


M shapes. Channel shapes, as are beams built up from plates,
are sometimes used in the form of I or box shapes.

• Doubly symmetric shapes such as the standard rolled W, M,


and S shapes are the most efficient.
II. Basic Concepts used in Beam Design
• Flexure Strength
• For flexure (shear will be covered later), the required and available strengths are moments. For
load and resistance factor design (LRFD), the Equation can be written as,

Where,
Mu = required moment strength = maximum moment caused by the controlling load combination from ASCE 7

Ꟁb = resistance factor for bending (flexure) = 0.90

Mn = nominal moment strength


Cont.
• Plastic Moment
Cont.
• Global Instability

• When a beam bends, the compression region (above the neutral


axis) is analogous to a column, and in a manner similar to a
column, it will buckle if the member is slender enough.

• Unlike a column, however, the compression portion of the


cross-section is restrained by the tension portion, and the
outward deflection (flexural buckling) is accompanied by
twisting (torsion).

• This form of instability is called lateral-torsional buckling


(LTB).
Cont.
• Local Instability
• Whether the beam can sustain a moment large enough to
bring it to the fully plastic condition also depends on
whether the cross-sectional integrity is maintained.

• This integrity will be lost if one of the compression


elements of the cross-section buckles.

• This type of buckling can be either compression flange


buckling, called flange local buckling (FLB), or
buckling in the compression part of the web, called web
local buckling (WLB).
Cont.

• Classification of Shapes

• Compact Sections: λ ≤ λp (no local buckling)

A section that can develop fully plastic moment Mp before local buckling of any of its compression
elements occurs.

• Non-compact Sections: λp < λ ≤ λr (inelastic local buckling)

A section that can develop a moment equal to or greater than My, but less than Mp, before local buckling
of any of its elements occurs.

• Slender sections: λ ≥ λr (elastic local buckling)

Local buckling occurs before My


Cont.
Cont.
• Bending strength of compact shapes
Cont.
Cont.

• Cb, Non-Uniform Bending Factor


Cont.
• Bending strength of compact shapes
Cont.
• Shear Strength
Cont.
Cont.
• Deflection
• In addition to being safe, a structure must be serviceable. A serviceable structure is one that
performs satisfactorily, not causing any discomfort or perceptions of unsafety.

• For a beam, being serviceable usually means that the deformations, primarily the vertical sag, or
deflection, must be limited.
2. Design Steps
Design Steps
• Design Philosophy
• Beam design entails the selection of a cross-sectional shape that will have
enough strength and that will meet serviceability requirements.

• As far as strength is concerned, flexure is almost always more critical than


shear, so the usual practice is to design for flexure and then check shear.
Cont.
• Design Steps
1. Compute the required moment strength (i.e., the factored load moment Mu for LRFD or the
unfactored moment Ma for ASD). The weight of the beam is part of the dead load but is
unknown at this point. A value may be assumed and verified after a shape is selected, or the
weight may be ignored initially and checked after a shape has been selected. Because the beam
weight is usually a small part of the total load, if it is ignored at the beginning of a design
problem, the selected shape will usually be satisfactory when the moment is recomputed.
Cont.
• Design Steps
2. Select a shape that satisfies this strength requirement. This can be done in one of two ways.
a) Assume a shape, compute the available strength, and compare it with the required strength. Revise if necessary.
The trial shape can be easily selected in only a limited number of situations (as in Example 5.10).

b) Use the beam design charts in Part 3 of the Manual. This method is preferred.

3. Check the shear strength.

4. Check the deflection.


3. Solved Problems
• Problem 01

As it has continuous lateral support therefore Lb is approximately 0,


Lb < P
Mn = Mp, No need for Cb

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• Problem 02

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• Problem 03

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Step 1 : Flexural Strength

Note: There is continuous lateral support so


considering = 6 ft.
<
= , Hence no need for calculating

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Step 2 : Shape Selection

Try a W24 x 84
Φ = 840 > 810 kips-ft
(Satisfied)

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Step 3 : Shear Check

<Φ

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Step 4 : Deflection

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• Problem 04

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Non uniform Bending factor
check.

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Determining shape from Lb and Mmax

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1.52in  1.67in (OK)

USE W8 x 21

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