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Polyphase System 1 Ppt

The document provides an overview of polyphase systems, particularly focusing on the three-phase system, which consists of three voltages that are 120 degrees out of phase with each other. It outlines the advantages of polyphase systems, such as constant power delivery and higher efficiency compared to single-phase systems, and explains the generation, naming, and interconnection methods (star and delta) of three-phase systems. Additionally, it discusses the importance of phase sequence in motor operation and generator parallelism.

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25 views

Polyphase System 1 Ppt

The document provides an overview of polyphase systems, particularly focusing on the three-phase system, which consists of three voltages that are 120 degrees out of phase with each other. It outlines the advantages of polyphase systems, such as constant power delivery and higher efficiency compared to single-phase systems, and explains the generation, naming, and interconnection methods (star and delta) of three-phase systems. Additionally, it discusses the importance of phase sequence in motor operation and generator parallelism.

Uploaded by

vadlaprasanna796
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POLY PHASE SYSTEM

Presented by:
23321A0212
24325A0215
Introduction
 Poly means many (more than one) and phase means windings or
circuits, each of them having single alternating voltage of the same
magnitude and frequency
 Poly Phase system: It is a combination of two or more than two
voltages having same magnitude and frequency but displaced from one
another by equal electrical angle or phase difference
Introduction to Poly Phase System
 Poly phase System may be
 2 – phase system
 3 – phase system
 6 – phase system
 But all practical purposes, 3 – phase system is
employed. Therefore, whenever a poly phase system is
mentioned, we mean by that a 3 – phase system unless
stated other wise
Introduction

■ The generator , motor , transformer or rectifier ha


winding is called a single phase system
■ If the current or voltage follows a phase difference
windings , called two phase systems
■ If the phase difference is 1200 between voltages or c
three winding , called as Three phase systems
Advantages of Poly phase system
i. Constant Power: In single phase circuits, the power delivered is pulsating, Where
as, in poly phase system power delivered is constant when loads are balanced
ii. High Rating: The output of 3 – phase machine is nearly 1.5 times the output of
single phase machine
iii. Power transmission Economics: to transmit the same amount of power over a
fixed distance at given voltage, 3 phase system requires 75% of the weight of
conducting material of that required by single phase system.
iv. Three phase generators not produce the harmonics when they are connected in
parallel
v. Superiority of 3 – phase induction motors:
 3 –phase induction motors are self starting whereas 1 – phase induction motors
have no starting torque without using auxiliary means
 3 – phase induction motors have higher power factor
 Efficiency is high than single phase induction motor
Generation of 3 – Phase System
■ Three-phase generators have three coils fixed at 120° to each other; thus
three voltages, that are 120° out of phase with each other, are produced in
three separate circuits. The phases are normally called red (R), yellow (Y)
and blue (B) or line 1 (L1), line 2 (L2) and line 3 (L3), or in the USA they
are called A-phase, B-phase and C-phase.
■
Generation of 3 – Phase System
Consider three identical coils a a , b b and c c as shown in the above figure. In
1 2 1 2 1 2
this figure a1, b1 and c1 are the starting terminals, whereas a 2, b2 and c2 are the finish
terminals of the three coils. The phase difference of 120 degrees has to be
maintained between the starts terminals a 1, b1 and c1.
■ Now, let the three coils mounted on the same axis and they are rotated by either
keeping coil stationary and moving the magnetic field or vice versa in an
anticlockwise direction at (ω) radians per seconds. Three EMFs are induced in the
three coils respectively.
Generation of 3 – Phase System

■ Considering the figure C, the analysis about their magnitudes and directions
are given as follows.
■ The emf induced in the coil a1a2 is zero and is increasing in the positive direction
as shown by the waveform in the above figure C represented as ea1a2.
■ The coil b1b2 is 120 degrees electrically behind the coil a 1a2. The emf induced in
this coil is negative and is becoming maximum negative as shown by the wave
eb1b2.
■ Similarly, the coil c1c2 is 120 degrees electrically behind the coil b 1b2, or we can
also say that the coil c1c2 is 240 degrees behind the coil a 1a2. The emf induced in
the coil is positive and is decreasing as shown in the figure C represented by the
waveform ec1c2.
Generation of 3 – Phase System
Naming the Phases
■ The three phase system may be named by
■ Numbers (1,2 and 3);
■ By letters (a, b and c) or
■ By colors (Red, Yellow and Blue i.e. R Y B)
 In India we used phase sequence of colors (R Y B)
Phase Sequence
 The order in which the voltages (e.m.fs) in the three phases attain their maximum positive value
is called the phase sequence.
 Phase sequence may be positive or negative
 If the phases of any coil are named as R, Y, B then the Positive phase sequence will be RYB,
YBR, BRY also called as clockwise sequence and similarly the Negative phase sequence will be
RBY, BYR, YRB respectively and known as an anti-clockwise sequence.
Importance of Phase sequence
■ Direction of rotation of 3 – phase induction motors depends upon the
phase sequence
■ Parallel operation of 3 –phase generators and transformers is only possible
if phase sequence is known
Interconnection of 3 – phase system
 There are two methods are adopted for interconnecting
the three phases:
■ Star or Wye (Y) Connection ( 3 phase 4 wire Connection)
■ Mesh or Delta connection (Δ) ( 3 Phase 3 Wire Connection)
Star Connection
■ The point ‘N’ is known as star point or
neutral point
■ If this three-phase voltage is applied across
a balanced symmetrical load, the neutral
wire will be carrying three currents which
are exactly equal in magnitude but are 120 o
out of phase with each other.
■ The voltage induced in each winding is
called the ‘phase’ voltage and current in
each winding is known as ‘phase’ current.
Line Voltage and Phase Voltage

■ ER = EY = EB = Eph (phase Voltage in


magnitude)
■ VRY = VYB = VBR = VL (Line voltage in
magnitude)

VL  3E ph
Line current and Phase Current
■ Current in line 1 = IR
■ Current in line 2 = IY
■ Current in line 3 = IB
Since IR = IY = IB = IL
Iph - the phase current
IL = Line current

IL = Iph
Power
■ The total power in the circuit is the sum of the three
phase powers. Hence
■ Total Power =3 x phase power

■
Delta Connection
■ Current in line 1 is I1 = IR –
IB
■ Current in line 2 is I2 = IY – IR
■ Current in line 3 is I3 = IB – IY
■ IB = IR = IY = Iph (phase
current) in magnitude)
I L  3I ph

■ VRY =VYB = VBR = line voltage


■ Line voltage = phase voltage
VL = Eph
Power:

P 3 E ph I ph cos 
but E ph VL
IL
I ph 
3
IL
P 3 VL  cos 
3
P  3 VL I L cos 
Comparison between Star and Delta Connection
Questions ??

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