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Cosmology

The document discusses key concepts in cosmology, including Wien's Displacement Law, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and Hubble's Law, which relate to the properties and behaviors of stars and galaxies. It explains redshift as evidence for the universe's expansion and introduces the Big Bang Theory, Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, and nucleosynthesis of light elements. Additionally, it touches on the formation of cosmic structures and the implications of dark energy.

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ks0643.kig
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2 views

Cosmology

The document discusses key concepts in cosmology, including Wien's Displacement Law, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and Hubble's Law, which relate to the properties and behaviors of stars and galaxies. It explains redshift as evidence for the universe's expansion and introduces the Big Bang Theory, Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, and nucleosynthesis of light elements. Additionally, it touches on the formation of cosmic structures and the implications of dark energy.

Uploaded by

ks0643.kig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cosmology

BY L A S S I
Stellar
Radii
Wien’s
Displacement Law
∙This law relates the wavelength at
which a star emits most of its radiation
to the stars surface temperate
∙As the temperature of a star increases,
the wavelength of peak emission
decreases, meaning hotter stars emit
radiation at shorter wavelengths
∙The formula is
This law relates the
total luminosity of a
star to its surface area
Stefan- and surface
Boltzmann temperature.
law The law shows that
hotter stars or larger
stars will emit more
energy.
Calculating the
radius of a star
By combining Wien’s Displacement Law
and Stefan–Boltzmann Law, we can
estimate the radius of a star.

When rearranged:
Hubble’s Law
Increasing wavelength

When observing the light


This is like the Doppler
from distant galaxies, Redshift occurs because
effect for sound, where
astronomers notice the these galaxies are
the frequency of a wave
light is shifted toward moving away from us,
changes if the source is
longer wavelengths (the causing the wavelengths
moving relative to the
red end of the spectrum). of light to stretch.
observer.
This is known as redshift.
Redshift and Hubble’s Law

REDSHIFT H U B B L E ’ S L AW

∙Redshift provides us evidence ∙This law states that the


for the expansion of the velocity at which a galaxy
Universe. moves away from us is directly
The formula relates the change proportional to its distance
in wavelength to the velocity of This equation is for the rate at
the source relative to the which the universe is expanding
observer and the speed of light
The Big Bang Theory
T H E U N I V E R S E S TA R T E D F R O M A S I N G L E P O I N T
A N D H A S B E E N E X PA N D I N G E V E R S I N C E
Hubble’s Law

This law states that the velocity at which a


galaxy moves away from us is directly
proportional to its distance

This equation is for the rate at which the


universe is expanding
Cosmic Microwave
Background (CMB)
Radiation
∙ CMB is faint microwave radiation that
fills the universe. It is thought to be the
remnant heat from the Big Bang, now
cooled to about 2.7K above absolute
zero due to the expansion of the
universe.
∙ It provides a snapshot of the early
universe, around 380,000 years after
the Big Bang, when the universe cooled
enough for e- and p+ to combine into
neutral atoms, allowing photons to
travel freely.
Nucleosynthesis

∙The Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, led


to the formation of the lightest
elements, primarily hydrogen,
helium, and small amounts of
lithium and deuterium.
∙Heavier elements were not formed
in these early stages; instead,
they were synthesized later within
stars through nuclear fusion.
Others
F O R M AT I O N O F S T R U C T U R E , D A R K E N E R GY A N D T H E
A C C E L E R AT I N G U N I V E R S E , T H E O R E T I C A L F R A M E W O R K A N D
T I M E L I N E , A LT E R N A T I V E M O D E L S A N D F U T U R E Q U E S T I O N S A N D
RESEARCH
thanks

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