Introduction to

Different Types
of Disasters
• processes that shape and change our environment
Natural
Process
Natural
Hazard
Hazard
Disaster
 Natural
Process VS
Natural
Hazard
NaturalDEFINITION
Process VS
Natural Hazard
 Natural Process VS
Natural Hazard
DEFINITION

Natural processes are Natural hazards are

continuous physical, potentially dangerous
chemical, or biological events caused by natural
changes that occur in the processes that can harm
Earth's system. people, property, and the
environment.
 Natural Process VS
Natural Hazard
NATURE

They are normal and They become hazards when

necessary cycles that they pose a threat to human
maintain Earth's balance life and cause damage.
 Natural Process VS
Natural Hazard
EXAMPLES

Tectonic plate movement, Earthquakes, volcanic

volcanic activity, eruptions, landslides, floods,
weathering, erosion, typhoons, droughts, etc.
rainfall, etc.
 Natural Process VS
Natural Hazard
IMPACT ON HUMANS

generally neutral and can cause disasters when

occur regardless of they impact communities
human presence. unprepared to handle them.
 Natural Process VS
Natural Hazard
PREVENTABILITY

Natural processes are The impact of natural

inevitable and cannot be hazards can be reduced
prevented. through preparedness and
mitigation efforts.
 Natural Process VS
Natural Hazard
KEY CONCEPT

Processes are part of Hazards occur when natural

nature’s cycles. processes pose risks to
humans.
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Tectonic Plate Movement

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Volcanic Activity

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Weathering and Erosion

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Heavy Rainfall

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Strong Winds (Typhoons)

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Extreme Heat (Climate)

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Ocean Currents

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Melting of Ice (Glaciers)

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Atmospheric Pressure

Changes
Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
ACTIVITY Given the natural process, choose the
natural hazard that may occur.

Natural Groundwater Movement

Process
Natural
Hazards
Earthquakes Ashfall
Volcanic
Tsunamis Landslides Wildfires

Tornadoes Eruptions Storm Surges Flooding Drought

Storm Surges Coastal Erosion Sea Level Rise Coastal

Flooding
Cyclones Typhoons Sinkholes
Hazard
VS
Disaster
 DISASTER
Disaster is "a sudden, calamitous
occurrence that causes great harm, injury,
destruction, and devastation to life and
property”.
 DISASTER
TWO ELEMENTS ARE AFFECTED
 DISASTER
TWO ELEMENTS ARE AFFECTED

life (whether human or animal) and property.

 DISASTER
TWO ELEMENTS ARE AFFECTED

life (whether human or animal) and property.

EFFECTS?
Minor or major
 DISASTER
TWO ELEMENTS ARE AFFECTED
life (whether human or animal) and property.

EFFECTS?
minor damage (like broken windows and doors),
major damage (like torn rooftops, collapsed walls),
total destruction (like completely destroyed houses and
structures rendering them useless and inhabitable)
and the worst scenario, it can lead to death
 DISASTER
often a result of the combination of: the
exposure to a hazard;
 DISASTER
IMPACTS:
• loss of life,
• injury,
• disease and other negative effects on human
physical, mental, and social wellbeing, together
with damage to properties,
• destruction of assets, loss of services, social
and economic disruptions, and
• environmental degradation
 DISASTER
REPUBLIC ACT 10121
“An Act Strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System, Providing for
the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan,
Appropriating Funds, Therefore and
Other Purposes”

passed and approved on May 27, 2010

 DISASTER
REPUBLIC ACT 10121
• immediate release of calamity funds to local government
units (LGUs)

• Local government units can utilize 70 percent of the total calamity fund to
risk-reduction measures and 30 percent to quick response activities
 DISASTER
Natural Disasters – a natural
phenomenon is caused by natural
forces

They can be classified as rapid onset

disasters and those with
progressive onset,
 DISASTER
Rapid-Onset Disasters
These disasters occur suddenly with little to no
warning and cause immediate damage.
Progressive (Slow-Onset) Disasters
These disasters develop gradually over time, often
due to long-term environmental changes or human
activities.
DISASTER
 HAZARD
A hazard is a source or condition
that has the potential to cause
harm to
humans in the form of injury or
illness, property damage,
environmental damage, or a
combination of these.
 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
B. Human-made induced hazards
 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
A natural hazard happens when a natural event causes
damage to people and property. It can be a minor
problem, like strong winds knocking down trees, or a
major disaster, like an earthquake destroying buildings.
These natural events have happened for thousands of
years, but they are only called hazards when they affect
humans.
 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
A natural hazard happens when a natural event causes
damage to people and property.
Classification:
1. Biological Hazard
2. Geological Hazard
3. Hydrometeorological Hazard
 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
Classification: Biological Hazard
(“bios” - life)

Process or phenomenon of organic origin or

conveyed by biological vectors/agents, including
exposure to pathogenic micro-organisms, toxins and
bioactive substances
 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
Classification: Biological Hazard
(“bios” - life)

Example: Ebola Virus, flu virus, rabies

 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
Classification: Geological Hazard
(“ge” - Earth)

• Geological process or phenomenon.

• Natural process, originates from the solid earth-
geosphere
 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
Classification: Geological Hazard
(“ge” - Earth)

Examples:
Ballistic projectiles (Rocks from an erupting volcano),
ground shaking, landslide, lava flow,
liquefaction, tsunami
 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
Classification: Hydrometeorological Hazard
(“hydor” - water)
(“meteoros” - sky)

Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological

or oceanographic nature
 HAZARD
A. Natural hazard
Classification: Hydrometeorological Hazard
(“hydor” - water)
(“meteoros” - sky)

Examples:
Tornado, flood, typhoon,
forest fire, tsunami
 HAZARD
B. Human-made induced hazards
A human-made hazard is caused by human actions. Unlike
natural hazards, many human-made hazards can be
prevented by being more careful and responsible.
 HAZARD
B. Human-made induced hazards
A human-made hazard is caused by human actions. Unlike
natural hazards, many human-made hazards can be
prevented by being more careful and responsible.
Examples:
1. Technological/industrial disasters
2. Terrorism/Violence
3. Complex humanitarian emergencies
 HAZARD
B. Human-made induced hazards
Examples:
1. Technological/industrial disasters

Unregulated industrialization and

inadequate safety standards increase the risk for
industrial disasters.
 HAZARD
B. Human-made induced hazards
 HAZARD
B. Human-made induced hazards
Examples:
2. Terrorism/Violence

the threat of terrorism has also increased due to

the spread of technologies involving nuclear,
biological, and chemical agents
used to develop weapons of mass destruction.
 HAZARD
B. Human-made induced hazards
 HAZARD
B. Human-made induced hazards
Examples:
3. Complex humanitarian emergencies

the term complex emergency is

usually used to describe the humanitarian emergency
resulting from an international or civil war.
HazardDEFINITION
VS Disaster
 Hazard VS Disaster
DEFINITION

A hazard is a potential A disaster is an actual event

threat that can cause that causes significant
harm to people, property, damage, loss, or destruction
or the environment. to lives, property, and
livelihoods.
 Hazard VS Disaster
NATURE

Hazards are natural or Disasters are the

human-made events that consequences when a
have the potential to hazard impacts a vulnerable
cause a disaster. population.
 Hazard VS Disaster
OCCURENCE

A hazard exists before a A disaster happens after a

disaster occurs. hazard has occurred and
caused damage.
 Hazard VS Disaster
IMPACT ON SOCIETY

Hazards do not always Disasters cause severe

result in disasters. disruption to communities,
affecting their daily lives.
HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Earthquake The 1990 Luzon Earthquake
caused massive destruction,
killing over 1,600 people in
the Philippines.
 HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Volcanic Eruption The 1991 Mt. Pinatubo
Eruption caused widespread
damage, killing hundreds
and displacing thousands.
HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Typhoon Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan)
in 2013 devastated Visayas,
causing over 6,000 deaths
and extensive property
damage.
HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Flood The Ondoy Flood (2009)
submerged large parts of
Metro Manila, displacing
thousands of residents.
HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Landslide The 2006 Guinsaugon
Landslide in Leyte buried an
entire village, killing over
1,000 people.
HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Drought The El Niño Drought (2015-
2016) caused water
shortages and agricultural
losses across the Philippines.
HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Tsunami The 2004 Indian Ocean
Tsunami caused over
230,000 deaths in several
countries.
 HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Storm Surge The Typhoon Yolanda Storm
Surge caused massive
A storm surge is a sudden destruction in Tacloban City,
rise in sea level caused by leading to thousands of
strong winds and low deaths.
atmospheric pressure
during a tropical storm,
typhoon, or hurricane. It
pushes seawater onto the
shore, flooding coastal
areas and causing
destruction to homes,
infrastructure, and crops.
 HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Tectonic Plate Movement The 2013 Bohol Earthquake
destroyed historical
churches and infrastructure,
killing over 200 people.
 HazardEXAMPLES
VS Disaster
Wildfire The 2019 Amazon
Rainforest Fires caused
A wildfire is an environmental destruction
uncontrolled fire that and loss of wildlife habitats.
spreads rapidly across
forests, grasslands, or
other natural areas.
They are hard to contain
and can cause severe
environmental damage
and loss of life.
Risk and Disaster Risk
RISK is The term DISASTER RISK
refers to the potential (not
defined as “the
actual and realized) disaster
combination of losses, in lives, health status,
the probability livelihoods, assets, and services
of an event and which could occur in
a community or society over
its negative
some specified future time
consequences” period.
(UNISDR, 2009).
ACTIVITY
Identify the given set of images if it
is Natural or Man Made
ACTIVITY
Identify the given set of images if it
is Natural or Man Made
ACTIVITY
Identify the given set of images if it
is Natural or Man Made