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Reproductive system

The document provides a detailed overview of the male reproductive system, including the anatomy and functions of various organs such as the penis, prostate, and testicles, as well as the pathways for sperm and urine. It also discusses common male reproductive disorders like testicular torsion, prostate cancer, and impotence. Additionally, it briefly touches on the female reproductive system and its disorders, highlighting the importance of understanding both systems for reproductive health.

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6 views

Reproductive system

The document provides a detailed overview of the male reproductive system, including the anatomy and functions of various organs such as the penis, prostate, and testicles, as well as the pathways for sperm and urine. It also discusses common male reproductive disorders like testicular torsion, prostate cancer, and impotence. Additionally, it briefly touches on the female reproductive system and its disorders, highlighting the importance of understanding both systems for reproductive health.

Uploaded by

sirvicc905
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM
• Urinary bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent
and controlled. The bladder is lined by layers of muscle tissue that
stretch to hold urine. The normal capacity of the bladder is 400-600
mL. During urination, the bladder muscles squeeze, and two
sphincters (valves) open to allow urine to flow out.
The pubic symphysis is the joint that connects the left and right hip
bone. The pelvic girdle is a ring of bones that works as a basin for
several organs, including those in the digestive and reproductive
systems. It acts as a connection point to the upper and lower body
The suspensory ligament of the penis is attached to the pubic
symphysis, which holds the penis close to the pubic bone and
supports it when erect. The ligament does not directly connect to
the Corpus cavernosum penis, but may still play a role in erectile
dysfunction.
Puboprostatic ligaments hold and stabilize the prostate
against the pubic bone. It is believed that a pelvis with
bilateral, double puboprostatic ligaments would have
advantages in urogenital competence.
Perineal membrane. This muscle originates at the superficial
perineal membrane and dorsal penile or clitoral aponeurosis
and attaches at the perineal body in women, and at the
median raphe over the corpus spongiosum extending one
third of the base of the penis in men.
In males, the external urethral sphincter is located at the
same level as the membranous urethra and is
composed of circular muscle fibers. The external urethral
sphincter is continuous with the isthmus of the prostate.
The penis is the male organ used for urination and
sexual intercourse. The penis is located above the
scrotum
Corpus cavernosum

One of two columns of spongy tissue that runs through the


shaft (body) of the penis. The corpus cavernosum forms most
of the penis and contains blood vessels that fill with blood to help
make an erection.
Glans. Your glans is also called the head or tip of your penis. The
opening of your urethra is here. This is where pre-ejaculate (precum)
and semen (cum) come out of, and it's where you pee out of. For many
people, it's the most sensitive part of the penis.
The foreskin is a patch of skin that covers and protects the
head.When your penis gets hard, the foreskin pulls back and the tip
is exposed. Sometimes foreskin is circumcised (when a doctor
surgically removes your foreskin) soon after birth, so not everyone
has it.
Overall the function of the male urethra is to allow passage of urine
and semen. The urethra connects the distal portions of the urinary
system, such as the urinary bladder, to the external environment and
allows for urine excretion from the body
The sigmoid colon is an “S” shaped portion of the large intestine
that begins in front of the pelvic brim as a continuation of the
descending colon and becomes the rectum at the level of the third
sacral vertebrae.
The rectum is a chamber that begins at the end of the large
intestine, immediately following the sigmoid colon, and ends
at the anus ( see also Overview of the Anus and Rectum
Overview of the Anus and Rectum The anus is the opening at the
end of the digestive tract where stool leaves the body.
A seminal vesicle is a part of the anatomy that's typically
considered male. The two seminal vesicles are glands that
produce the fluids that will turn into semen. The vesicles may
also be called seminal glands or vesicular glands.
The ejaculatory duct delivers sperm into the urethra, adding
secretions and additives from the prostate necessary for sperm
function, while providing an interface between the reproductive
and urinary systems in men
The prostate is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It is
about the size of a walnut and surrounds the urethra (the tube that empties urine
from the bladder). It produces fluid that makes up a part of semen. As a man
ages, the prostate tends to increase in size.
Cowper's glands are pea sized glands present inferior to the prostate
gland in the male reproductive system. They produce thick clear mucus
prior to ejaculation that drains into the spongy urethra.
the anus is the external opening of the rectum, located inside the
intergluteal cleft, known colloquially as the butt crack, and
separated from the genitals by the perineum. Its primary purpose
is to control the exit of feces from the body during defecation
Vas deferens — this is a thick-walled tube joined to the epididymis. It
carries sperm from the epididymis up to the prostate gland and urethra.
Prostate gland — this is a walnut-sized gland that sits in the middle of the
pelvis. The urethra runs through the middle of it.
The epididymis is the tube which moves the sperm from
the testicles. Vas deferens. This is a tube in which the
sperm is stored and it carries the sperm out of the scrotal
sac. The vas deferens is between the epididymis and the
urethra and connects these together.
Testis has following three functions. First, it produces
spermatozoa, the male gametes. Second, it synthesizes
testosterone, the principal male sex hormone. Third, it
participates with the hypothalamus-pituitary unit in regulating
reproductive function.
The Sperm Pathway
Seminal vesicles

Testes
Ejaculatory duct

Sperm
Prostate gland

Epididymis
Urethra

Vas deferens Expulsion


from the body
Male Reproductive Disorders
Testicular Torsion

 Testicular torsion is
the twisting of the
spermatic cord,
which cuts off the
blood supply to the
testicle and
surrounding
structures within the
scrotum.
Testicular Torsion
Prostate Cancer

 Cancer of the
Prostate

 Most Common in
African American men
over the age of 50
Testicular Cancer
 most common cancer

in
males between the ages
of 15 and 34

 highly treatable when


Signs include… diagnosed early
 collection of fluid in the scrotum
 lump or enlargement in either testicle
 Unexplained fatigue
Performing Testicular Self-
Exams
 Step 1: Draw a warm bath to relax the scrotum
 Step 2: Get familiar with your body
 Step 3: Place one leg on an elevated surface
 Step 4: Use one hand to support testicle
 Step 5: Use the other hand to gently roll testicle between
thumb and index finger
Look for: Hard lumps, tenderness,
hardness of testicle or discharge of
the penis
Impotence
Impotence is a
common problem
among men

characterized by the
consistent inability to
sustain an erection or
the inability to achieve
ejaculation, or both.
Cause of Impotence
Inguinal Hernia
 Inguinal hernias occur when
part of the intestine
protrudes through a weak
spot in the abdomen —
often along the inguinal
canal, which carries the
spermatic cord in men
Female Reproductive
system
External Organs
Female Reproductive System

Internal Structures

 Vagina: tract from uterus to exterior


 Hymen: mucous membrane around vaginal opening
 Cervix: lower, narrow portion of uterus
 Uterus: pear-shaped organ containing growing fetus
 Fallopian Tubes: pathway for egg travel during ovulation
 Ovaries: egg-producing organs
fallopian tubes are a pair of hollow, muscular ducts
located between your ovaries and your uterus.
Each fallopian tube is a channel between your ovaries,
where your body makes eggs, and your uterus, where
a fertilized egg can develop into a fetus
The fimbriae of the uterine tube, also known as fimbriae tubae, are small, fingerlike
projections at the end of the fallopian tubes, through which eggs move from the
ovaries to the uterus. The fimbriae are connected to the ovary

Ovary- Ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands located on either side of your uterus.
They produce and store your eggs (also called ovum) and make hormones that control
your menstrual cycle and pregnancy. During ovulation, one of your ovaries releases an
egg

Ovarian ligament connects the uterus to the ovary in the female body.
It is sometimes mistakenly referred to as the suspensory ligament of the
ovary, which is found on the opposite side of the ovary.
Endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus. Each month, the endometrium thickens and renews
itself, preparing for pregnancy. If pregnancy doesn't occur, the endometrium sheds in a process
known as menstruation. If conception takes place, the embryo implants into the endometrium.

Uterus is a pear-shaped organ in the reproductive system of people assigned female at birth (AFAB).
It's where a fertilized egg implants during pregnancy and where your baby develops until birth. It's
also responsible for your menstrual cycle.

Cervix is a passage that allows fluids to flow inside and out of your uterus. It's also a powerful
gatekeeper that can open and close in ways that make pregnancy and childbirth possible
The vagina serves three purposes: It's where the penis is
inserted during sexual intercourse. It's the pathway (the birth
canal) through which a baby leaves a woman's body during
childbirth. It's the route through which menstrual blood leaves
the body during periods.
Female Reproductive Systems
Disorders
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Progressive infection—gets worse over
time
• Affects fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix or
ovaries
• Can lead to long term reproductive
problems
• Symptoms include: foul-smelling discharge,
heavier than normal periods, painful
urination
• Causes: bacteria move upward from a
woman's vagina or cervix (opening to the
uterus) into her reproductive organs. Many
Systemic illness: it affects the whole
body
Caused by toxic bacterial
Ways to get it…
Using superabsorbent tampons
Wearing a diaphragm or contraceptive
sponge
Having a staph or strep infection,
especially if you have skin wounds or
healing surgical incisions
Symptoms include: high fever, rapid
• In Endometriosis, the tissue begins to grow on the
outside of the uterus
• Causes: menstrual blood containing endometrial
cells flows back through the fallopian tubes and into
the pelvic cavity instead of out of the body. These
displaced endometrial cells stick to the pelvic walls
and surfaces of pelvic organs, where they grow

• Symptoms include: severe pelvic pain, constipation,


diarrhea
Pain when having intercourse, can cause infertility

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