FCC-ee Interaction Region design

• CERN has recently launched the ambitious project of the Future Circular Collider. The same
100 km tunnel will host a hadron-hadron collider with pp collisions at 100 TeV center-of-mass
energy (FCC-hh) and e+e- collisions up to 350 GeV center-of-mass energy (FCC-ee). The two
colliders should be built in the same tunnel (as was for LEP and LHC). This challenging design
study involves a worldwide collaboration with great accelerator physics experts on all the
different fields.
• INFN participates to the FCC-ee and FCC-hh study (MoU), in particular:
• There is a WG for Machine Detector Interface (MDI) in CSN1 of INFN, within RD_FA.
• INFN is part of EuroCirCol, the European design study for some key topics of FCC-hh funded
by EU under Horizon 2020 (4 years project, started June 2015)
• Goal of the study: CDR ready before the next European strategy, by end 2018.

• The design of the Interaction Region for FCC-ee is very challenging and is a fundamental step
for the feasibility of the collider.
• The work for the PhD thesis will focus on the Interaction Region design within the Machine
Detector Interface group, on particular aspects of the design, namely
• The activity will be to develop particle tracking studies for the main beam loss effects,
relevant for the interaction regions design.
• Possibility of Benchmark tools with existing colliders, like the LHC and SuperKEKB.
 Useful Links

• FCC page at CERN: https://fcc.web.cern.ch/

• INDICO page with all FCC meetings: http://indico.cern.ch/category/5153/

• FCC-ee:
– FCC-ee Optics meetings: http://indico.cern.ch/category/6528/
– FCC-ee MDI meetings: http://indico.cern.ch/category/5665/

• FCC-hh:
– FCC-hh General Design meetings: http://indico.cern.ch/category/5623/
– FCC-hh beam delivery system meetings: http://indico.cern.ch/category/5902/
– FCC-hh MDI meetings: http://indico.cern.ch/category/5901/

• EuroCirCol: http://indico.cern.ch/category/6457/
 FCC-ee IR baseline Layout
Beam energy GeV 175
bx* / by* m /mm 1/2

ex / ey nm/pm 1.3/2.5
sx / sy mm/nm 36/71
L* m 2.2
full crossing mrad 30
angle
Beam current mA 6.632
beam
beam Npart/bunch # 1.7x1011
bunches # 81

This layout is the starting point for:

• detailed design of masks and shielding
• tracking of off-momentum particles
• Beamstrahlung, radiative Bhabha simulation
• beam pipe geometry and material
• luminosity monitor
 Background Studies in the FCC-ee Interaction Region
Contribution to the particle tracking simulation for evaluation of beam losses,
relevant for the interaction regions design.
• Particle tracking simulation studies for various effects that induce beam losses in
FCC Interaction Region and all over the ring , such as:
– Radiative Bhabha (Integration with BBBREM)
– Beamstrahlung (Integration with GUINEAPIG)
– beam-gas scattering
-> existing software tools / development and upgrade
• Also :
– MAD-X for the magnetic lattice description
– ROOT
– GEANT4 for interaction in materials

• Investigate luminosity-driven losses and its impact on beam intensity lifetime (for
FCC-ee).
• Use developed software to design shielding and absorbers, optimizing beam pipe
dimensions.
• Benchmark tools with existing colliders, like the LHC for the FCC-hh studies and
SuperKEKB
Example: Synchrotron Radiation from the last bend before the IP
MDISIM[*]
Zoom on the last 200m
aperture shown as circular
r=20 mm central BP, quads
r=50mm bends

• Last bend closer than in LEP2 ( 250 m / 100 m )^2 = 6.25 more solid angle
• less space for collimators, part for far bend - SR fans directed towards IP

From last bend LEP2 FCCee_t_74_11

Eb 100 GeV 175 GeV
Ecr 72 keV 100 KeV
bunchXfreq 45 kHz 180 kHz
γ’s / crossing 3.E+11 4.E+11
γ’s Σ energy / crossing 7.E6 GeV 1.2E7 GeV

[*] : H.Burkhardt and M. Boscolo, Tools for Flexible Optimisation of IR Designs with Application to FCC, IPAC 2015, tupty031
 FCC-ee baseline parameters
Z WW ZH ttbar
energy/beam [GeV] 45.6 80 120 175
bunches/beam 30180 91500 5260 780 81
bunch spacing [ns] 7.5 2.5 50 400 4000
bunch population [1011] 1.0 0.33 0.6 0.8 1.7
beam current [mA] 1450 1450 152 30 6.6
Horizontal emittance [nm] 0.2 0.09 0.26 0.61 1.3
Vertical emittance [pm] 1 1 1 1.2 2.5
luminosity/IP x 1034cm-2s-1 210 90 19 5.1 1.3
bx* [m] / by* [mm] 0.5/1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2
energy loss/turn [GeV] 0.03 0.03 0.33 1.67 7.55
SR power /beam [MW] 50 50 50 50 50
RF voltage [GV] 0.4 0.2 0.8 3.0 10
Energy acceptance RF [%] 7.2 4.7 5.5 7.0 6.7
Luminosity lifetime [min] 94 185 90 67 57