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UCSP-LESSON-9

The document discusses the structures and functions of various social groups, including primary and secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, and concepts like ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. It highlights the importance of social networks and networking for personal and professional growth, as well as the role of online communities in connecting individuals with shared interests. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of group dynamics in fostering social cohesion and identity.

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4 views

UCSP-LESSON-9

The document discusses the structures and functions of various social groups, including primary and secondary groups, in-groups and out-groups, and concepts like ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. It highlights the importance of social networks and networking for personal and professional growth, as well as the role of online communities in connecting individuals with shared interests. Overall, it emphasizes the significance of group dynamics in fostering social cohesion and identity.

Uploaded by

krizzajoybaron32
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURES AND FUNCTION

OF GROUPS IN THE SOCIETY?

LESSON 9
WHAT IS A GROUP?

A group is a set of individuals who share the same


motives,
goals, norms, and values that guide the conduct of its
members. These aspects lead to social cohesion where
the members of the group feel a deep sense of
connection, belongingness, and unity with one another.
It may be in the
form of family, friends, teams, clubs, and associations,
among others.
PRIMARY GROUPS

 A typically small group whose members share close, personal, intimate


and face to face association and cooperation and have strong emotional
ties.

 The members have a feeling of togetherness and belongingness, and


sympathetic
with one another.

 Example include families, friendship groups, play groups, peers,


neighbours, etc.

 In reference to socialization and the development if the self (particularly


Cooley’s looking glass self theory), we can see the effect of the primary
groups we have or obtain in the different stages of our lives.
SECONDARY GROUPS

 Can be small or large who do not interact much; mostly


impersonal.

 Interactions among members are casual and usually short-


term; typically found at work and school.

 A secondary group has a specific function or purpose, and its


success is measured by its ability to fulfill it.

 Example include the group for a school project, members of


the committee, superior-subordinate, seller-buyer, etc.
IRON LAW OF OLIGARCHY AS APPLIED TO GROUPS

 This exhibition and retention of power over the


members of the large group can be associated with
Robert Michael’s theory of the iron law of
oligarchy wherein a small group of “elites” (referred
to here as the inner circle) will emerge from the
larger group and take control of the information and
decision-making at the expense of the apathy of its
general membership.
IN-GROUP

 A social group to which an individuals identities, and which


give him/her a sense of belongingness, solidarity,
camaraderie, the feeling of togetherness, and protective
attitude toward the other members.

 The members know each other intimately and loyal to each


other. They share common activities, goals, and background.

 Example are membership of a church organization, and


sports club.
OUT-GROUP

 A social group that an individual does not identify


with; viewed as outsiders of the in-group.

 Any member of the in-group has a feeling of


strangeness, avoidance, antagonism, etc.

 Example could be a sports team opponent.


ETHNOCENTRISM

 Refers to using one’s own culture as a standard or frame of


reference in evaluating or judging other people and cultures.

 Example, having body art and piercings is extensively


practiced in India, the Middle East, and Africa.

 In these cultures, body modifications like these are seen as


representations of beauty.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM

This refers to understanding people,


behaviors, beliefs, and practices with
reference to their own cultures. We
need to appreciate that cultures
relative, and that we must not impose
ours as standard for judging others.
REFERENCE GROUPS

 They serve as model of standards;

 We use them as patterns to guide behaviors


and attitudes.

 Example include peer groups, senior


schoolmates, actors and actresses, etc.
SOCIAL NETWORKS

Refers to the social ties that link


us together with other people. It
represents social ties extending
outwards from you to other people
you know.
NETWORKING

 Is the act of getting to know more people, usually


for career or educational opportunities and
advancement.

 Example, as a gender discrimination continues to be


an issue in the workplace, women conduct
networking activities and establish a group or
network in support of women’s rights such as equal
pay, fair job offerings, and the right to have
maternity leaves in the workplace.
ONLINE COMMUNITIES

An online community or internet community is


a group of people with a shared interest
or purpose who use the internet to
communicate with each other. Online
communities have their own set of guidelines
and needs, like online community engagement,
moderation, and management.
THANK YOU!

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