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Q1 Week8 Genchem1

The document outlines the naming conventions for covalent compounds, emphasizing the use of prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in binary compounds. It details the steps for naming binary acids and ternary acids, including the modifications of element names and the addition of the word 'acid.' Additionally, it explains the naming of bases, which involves naming the cation followed by the polyatomic anion, typically hydroxide.

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Rhozia Gallaza Mallorca
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5 views27 pages

Q1 Week8 Genchem1

The document outlines the naming conventions for covalent compounds, emphasizing the use of prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in binary compounds. It details the steps for naming binary acids and ternary acids, including the modifications of element names and the addition of the word 'acid.' Additionally, it explains the naming of bases, which involves naming the cation followed by the polyatomic anion, typically hydroxide.

Uploaded by

Rhozia Gallaza Mallorca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Naming Covalent

Compounds
The bonding characteristics of
covalent/molecular compounds
are different from ionic
compounds, since they consist
solely of discrete, neutral
molecules that share electrons
and, thus, they are named
using a different system as well.
The charges of cations and anions
dictate their ratios in ionic compounds,
so specifying the names of the ions
provides sufficient information to
determine chemical formulas.
However, because covalent bonding
allows for significant variation in the
combination ratios of the atoms in a
molecule, the names for molecular
compounds that contain
BINARY
only two elements. Because
COVALENT/
MOLECULA
of these, they are named
R using a procedure similar to
COMPOUN that used for simple ionic
DS compounds, but prefixes
are added as needed to
indicate the number of
atoms of each kind.
COMPOUND
FORMULA

ELEMENT
ELEMENT
FARTHEST TO
FARTHEST TO
RIGHT AND TOP
LEFT AND
IN PERIODIC
BOTTOM IN
TABLE
PERIODIC TABLE

COMPOUND NAME
ROOT +
DINITROGEN IDLE
ELEMEN
T NAME TRIOXIDE
STEPS IN NAMING
FORMULAS OF BINARY
COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
1.Place the elements in their proper order.
a) The element farthest to the left in the periodic
table is usually named first. If both elements are in
the same group, the element closer to the bottom
of the column is named first.
b) The second element is named as if it were a
monatomic anion in an ionic compound (even
though it is not), with the suffix -ide attached to the
root of the element name.
2. Identify the number of each type of atom
present.
a) Prefixes derived from Greek stems are used to
indicate the number of each type of atom in the
formula unit. The prefix mono- (“one”) is used only
when absolutely necessary to avoid confusion, just
as the subscript 1 is omitted when writing molecular
formulas.
Example: To demonstrate steps 1 and
2a, PCl5 is phosphorus pentachloride.
The order of the elements in the
name of BrF3, bromine trifluoride, is
determined by the fact that bromine
lies below fluorine in Group 7A.
b) If a molecule contains more than
one atom of both elements, then
prefixes are used for both. Thus N2O3
is dinitrogen trioxide.

c) In some names, the final a or o of


the prefix is dropped to avoid
awkward pronunciation. Thus OsO4
is osmium tetroxide rather than
3. Write the name of the
compound.

a) Binary compounds of the


elements with oxygen are generally
named as “element oxide,” with
prefixes that indicate the number of
atoms of each element per formula
unit.
Examples: CO is carbon
monoxide while N2O5 is
dinitrogen pentoxide. The only
exception is binary compounds
of oxygen with fluorine, which
are named as oxygen fluorides.
b) Certain compounds are
always called by the
common names that were
assigned before formulas
were used.
Examples: H2O is water (not dihydrogen
monoxide); NH3 is ammonia; PH3 is
phosphine; SiH4 is silane; and B2H6, a dimer
of BH3, is diborane. For many compounds,
the systematic name and the common name
are both used frequently, requiring
familiarity with both.
For example, the systematic name for NO is nitrogen
monoxide, but it is much more commonly called
nitric oxide. Similarly, N2O is usually called nitrous
oxide (commonly known as laughing gas) rather than
dinitrogen monoxide. Notice that the suffixes -ic and -
ous are the same ones used for ionic compounds. So
you should memorize the common names of
compounds as you encounter them.
comprised of hydrogen and
BINARY one other nonmetallic
ACIDS
element. Binary acid
solutions form when certain
gaseous compounds
dissolve in water. They
change the color of
indicators
STEPS IN NAMING
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
OF BINARY ACIDS
1. The word “hydrogen” in the acid was changed to the
prefix hydro– .
2. other nonmetallic element – the anion’s name, was
modified by adding the suffix –ic .
3. The word “acid” was added as a second word. For
example, when gaseous hydrogen chloride (HCl)
dissolves in water, it forms a solution called
hydrochloric acid. Prefix hydro- + anion nonmetal
root + suffix -ic + the word acid - hydrochloric acid.
– contains three or more
TERNARY elements (such organic
ACIDS
compounds or coordination
compounds). They contain
hydrogen, oxygen, and at
least one other element,
and are bonded in such a
way as to impart acidic
properties to the compound
STEPS IN NAMING
TERNARY ACIDS
Oxoacid names are similar
to those of the oxoanions,
except for two suffix
changes: 1. Anion “-ite”
suffix becomes an “-ous”
suffix in the acid. Anion “-
ate” suffix becomes an “-
For example, NO2 is nitrite, so
HNO2 is nitrous acid; PO4 is
phosphate, so H3PO4 is
phosphoric acid. 2. The
oxoanion prefixes “hypo-” and
“per-” are retained. Thus, BrO4
- is perbromate, and HBrO4 is
perbromic acid; IO2 - is iodite,
BASES
– substances that increase
OH- ions in an aqueous
solution. They change the
color of indicators (e.g.
turns red litmus paper to
blue) and react with acids
to form salts.
STEPS IN NAMING
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
OF BASES
1. Name the monoatomic
cation first.
2. Name the polyatomic
anion (usually
hydroxide).
Examples: LiOH is
Lithium hydroxide while
Ba(OH)2 is Barium
hydroxide

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