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06_2D-Arrays_ITEC112_2022-23_Fall

The document provides an introduction to programming concepts related to arrays and functions in C/C++. It explains how to pass arrays to functions, the limitations of returning arrays, and introduces multi-dimensional arrays, specifically two-dimensional arrays. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts.

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murodzodaabdullah
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15 views

06_2D-Arrays_ITEC112_2022-23_Fall

The document provides an introduction to programming concepts related to arrays and functions in C/C++. It explains how to pass arrays to functions, the limitations of returning arrays, and introduces multi-dimensional arrays, specifically two-dimensional arrays. Additionally, it includes examples and exercises to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

murodzodaabdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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[COMP112, MISY112, ITEC112, CTPR112, ITSE112]

Introduction to Programming
2022 – 2023 Spring Semester

Arrays in Functions
&
2D Arrays
Passing an array to a function
• It is possible to send an array as an argument to a function.
Function name Array name Array size

returnType functionName( dataType arrayName[arraySize] )


{
// code for function
}
Example : Passing an array to a function
// Passing an array to a function
#include <iostream> When we pass an array as an argument
using namespace std; to a function, only the name of the
void showValues( int[] ); array is used.
NO square brackets []
int main(void){
int myArrray[5]= {2,10,45,5,4};

showValues(myArrray);

return 0;
}

void showValues( int a[] ){


for( int i=0; i<5; i++ )
cout<< a[i] << endl;
}
Returning an Array From a Function
• C/C++ does not allow returning an array from a function.
• However, it is possible to return a pointer to an array by
specifying the array's name without an index.
Arrays To and From a Function
Arrays can be passed as arguments to a function

Arrays can NOT be returned


from a function

int[] func(int arr[])


{

return arr;
}
Exercise 1
/* Arrays : Exercise-1

Write a program that asks the user to enter 3 quiz results from the
keyboard
and store them in an array. Having done so, calculate the average of
these
quizzes in a user defined function named: calculateAve.
The function prototype is : float calculateAve( int array[] );

*/
Exercise 1
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

float calculateAve( int [] );

int main(void){
int mark[3];

for( int i=0; i<3; i++ ){


cout << "Enter Quiz Result #" << i+1 << " : ";
cin >> mark[i];
}

cout << endl << "Average of Quizzes = " << calculateAve(mark);

return 0;
}

float calculateAve( int Qresults[] ){


int sum = 0;
float average = 0;

for( int i=0; i<3; i++ )


sum = sum + Qresults[i];

average = (float)sum/3;

return average;
}
Multi-Dimensional Arrays
• Multi dimensional arrays can be referred as “array of arrays”.
• For a Two - Dimensional (2D) array, we can visualise the elements
inside the array are stored in rows and columns.
• The total number of elements in a 2D array is calculated by
multiplying the row size (first dimension) with the column size
(second dimension).
• Two-dimensional arrays are often called matrices.
Structure of 2D Arrays

dataType arrayName[rowSize][columnSize]

In 2D arrays, each element is referenced with a row and a column number.

Total Number of Elements in 2D Arrays = rowSize x columnSize


Declaration of a 2D Array
A 2D array that contains 3 rows and 4 columns of
int a[3][4]; integer numbers. The array has 12 elements.

First Column Second Column Third Column Fourth Column


(index 0) (index 1) (index 2) (index 3)

First Row (index 0) a[ 0 ][ 0 ] a[ 0 ][ 1 ] a[ 0 ][ 2 ] a[ 0 ][ 3 ]


Second Row (index 1) a[ 1 ][ 0 ] a[ 1 ][ 1 ] a[ 1 ][ 2 ] a[ 1 ][ 3 ]
Third Row (index 2) a[ 2 ][ 0 ] a[ 2 ][ 1 ] a[ 2 ][ 2 ] a[ 2 ][ 3 ]
Iterating 2D Arrays
• 2D arrays are iterated using a nested loop (nested for loop).
Example 1 :
Initialising the elements of a 2D Array
// Initialising the elements of a 2D array
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
First Column Second Column Third Column
(index 0) (index 1) (index 2)
int main(void){
int d[3][3];

d[0][0]=5;
d[0][1]=9; First Row (index 0) 5 9 4
d[0][2]=4;

d[1][0]=4;
d[1][1]=2; Second Row (index 1) 4 2 3
d[1][2]=3;

d[2][0]=8;
d[2][1]=6; Third Row (index 2) 8 6 1
d[2][2]=1;

for( int row=0; row<3; row++ ){


for( int col=0; col<3; col++ )
cout << d[row][col] << " ";
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Example 2 :
Initialising the elements of a 2D Array
// Initialising the elements of a 2D array
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main(void){ 5 9 4
int b[3][3]={ {5,9,4}, {4,2,3}, {8,6,1} };
4 2 3
for( int i=0; i<3; i++ ){
for( int j=0; j<3; j++ ) 8 6 1
cout << b[i][j] << " ";
cout << endl;
}

return 0;
}
What happens
When the assigned values do not fill the size of the array?
The rest of the values are accepted as zero.
double rate[3][2] = { {0.075, 0.080} };
Column 0 Column 1

Row 0 0.075 0.080


Row 1 0 0
Row 2 0 0
Example 2 :
Initialising the elements of a 2D Array
// Initialising the elements of a 2D array
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
5 4 0
int main(void){
int b[3][3]={ {5,4}, {4}, {8,6} };
4 0 0
for( int row=0; row<3; row++ ){
for( int col=0; col<3; col++ )
cout << b[row][col] << " "; 8 6 0
cout << endl;
}

return 0;
}
What is the output of the following program?
[0] [1] [2]
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; C
[0] m
int main(void){
char letter[3][3] = { {'m', 'C'}, [1] t c e
{'t', 'c', 'e'},
{'p', 'n'}, };
[2] p n
cout << letter[0][1] <<
letter[0][0] << letter[2][0] <<
letter[1][2] << endl; Cmpe
return 0;
}
Trace the following program and write the output
#include <iostream> 1 2
using namespace std;

int main(void){ 4 5
int a[10][10], x=0;
for( int i=0; i<3 ;i++ ){
for( int h=0; h<2; h++ ){
a[i][h] = x+1;
x = x+1;
if( a[i][h] == 3 )
break;
cout<< a[i][h] << "\t";
}
cout<<endl;
}

return 0;
}
Exercise 5
• Write a program which will store the following values in a 2D array
and display “1” for an odd number and “0” for an even number.

1 2 3 4 5 1 0 1 0 1
6 7 8 9 10 0 1 0 1 0
11 12 13 14 15 1 0 1 0 1
16 17 18 19 20 0 1 0 1 0
21 22 23 24 25 1 0 1 0 1

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