Kinds of

Qualitative
Research
Phenomenology
It is the study of how people give
meaning to their experiences, like
the death of loved ones, care for
the people , and friendliness of the
people.
Focusing on Death and Grief:
"The Lived Experience of Losing a Loved One: A
Phenomenological Study of Filipino Widows."

"The Lived Experience of

Homesickness Among Grade 11
Boarding Students." (Relatable and
focuses on a specific experience.)
"The Phenomenon of First Love: A Study
of Emotional Experiences Among Grade
11 Students." (Explores a significant
emotional experience in adolescence.)
Ethnography
It is understanding of how a
particular cultural group goes
about their daily lives which
includes their organizational set-
up, internal operations, and
lifestyle.
"Life in the 'Bangka': An Ethnography of a
Fishing Community in the Visayas." (This
title highlights the community's environment
and livelihood.)
"Local Festivals and Celebrations: An Ethnographic
Exploration of Cultural Traditions and their
Significance in [Barangay/Town]." (Connects to local
cultural events and their role in community life.)

"The Language of Gamers: An Ethnographic Study of

Communication Practices Among Online Gamers in
[Community/School]." (Explores a specific subculture
and its unique language/communication.)
Grounded Theory
This occurs when a researcher
discovers a new theory based on
the data collected. It is a research
methodology for discovering
theory in a substantive area.
"Developing a Grounded Theory of
Resilience among Filipino Entrepreneurs
in the Face of Economic Crisis." (This title
suggests the study will explore the process of
resilience and generate a theory about it.)
"Building Friendships in the Digital Age: A
Grounded Theory of Social Connection Among
Grade 11 Students." (Explores how friendships
form and are maintained in the context of social
media.)
Case Study
This study involves an investigation of
a person, group, organization, or
situation for a long period of time to
explain why such things occur to the
subject under study. Some examples of
this type are the fields of social care,
nursing psychology, rehabilitation
centers, education, etc.
"Bridging the Gap: A Case Study of a
Student's Journey from Remedial to
Advanced Math." (Focuses on an
individual student's progress.)
Content and Discourse Analysis
This method requires the examination
or analysis of the substance or content
of the communication that takes place
through letters, books, journals,
photos, video recordings, short
message services, online messages,
emails, audio-visual materials, etc.
Historical Analysis
This is the study of primary
documents to explain the
connection of past events to the
present time. An example of this is
explaining the happenings during
the Marcos regime.
 Characteristics and Uses
of Qualitative Research
-Qualitative research takes place in a natural
setting like home, school, institution, or
community. Researchers gain actual
experiences of the research participants.

- It focuses on participants’ perceptions and

experiences (Franekel and Wallen, 1988 in
Cresswell, 2013.)
 Characteristics and Uses
of Qualitative Research
-Researchers are sensitive to participants’ needs
and participants are actively engaged in the
process.

- Data are collected through observation,

interviews, documents, e-mails, blogs , videos,
etc.
Blogs Vlogs
What they are: Primarily text- What they are: Video-based content
based content published on a where individuals share information,
website or platform. They can also stories, opinions, or experiences
include images, GIFs, and through videos. Format: Recorded
embedded videos. videos that can range from short clips
Format: Written articles, stories, to longer, more produced content.
essays, or posts on any topic. Focus: Connecting with viewers
Focus: Sharing information, through visual storytelling,
opinions, thoughts, or experiences showcasing personality, and providing
through writing. Hosting: Typically a more dynamic experience.
Hosting: Primarily hosted on video-
hosted on websites like WordPress,
sharing platforms like YouTube,
Blogger, Medium, or Tumblr.
Vimeo, TikTok, or Instagram.
Content Creation: Involves Content Creation: Involves filming,
writing, editing, and formatting text, video editing, and sometimes adding
often with added images or
 Characteristics and Uses
of Qualitative Research
-It may result in changes in research questions
after new discoveries occur. It develops from a
specific to a general understanding of concepts.

- It is a process of describing a situation,

analyzing data for themes or categories, and
making interpretations or drawing conclusions.
 Characteristics and Uses
of Qualitative Research
-It may be subjected to the researcher’s personal
interpretation.

- The researchers, as a primary instrument in

data collection, view social phenomena and
situations holistically.
Strengths of Qualitative Resear
-Issues can be analyzed through detailed and
deep examination.

- Interviews are not being delimited to specific

questions and can be guided/redirected by the
researcher along the process.

- The research framework and direction can be

easily revised as new information emerges.
 Strengths of Qualitative
Research
- The obtained data from human experiences is
powerful and sometimes more interesting than
quantitative data.

- Data usually are collected from a few cases or

individuals so findings cannot be generalized
to a larger population. Findings can however
be transferable to another setting.
 1. Effectiveness of a Teaching Method
in a Single School

A study tests a new interactive learning

approach in a small private school with 30
students. The students show significant
•improvement
Why It Can'tinBetest scores.
Generalized or apply in a
larger population: The school may have
smaller class sizes, more resources, or
higher parental involvement compared to
public schools.
•The method might not work in schools with
different socioeconomic backgrounds or
 Impact of Technology on Learning in a
Wealthy School
A study examines how using tablets in the
classroom affects student engagement in a
prestigious urban school. Results show a huge
increase in participation and higher test scores.
Why It Can't Be Generalized: Students in
well-funded schools may already be more tech-
savvy. Schools in rural or low-income areas may
lack access to high-speed internet or tech
support, affecting the results.
 Weakness of Qualitative
Research
- Research quality is heavily dependent on the
researcher’s skills and may be influenced by
the researcher’s outlook.

- The volume of data makes analysis and

interpretation time- consuming.

- It is sometimes hard to prove.

 Weakness of Qualitative
Research
- The researcher’s presence during data
gathering, which is often unavoidable in
qualitative research, can affect the subjects’
attitudes towards the process.
 Weakness of Qualitative
Research
- Issues of anonymity and confidentiality can
bring/result in problems when presenting
findings.

- Findings can be more difficult and take time to

visualize.