QUADRILATERALS

CONTENTS
• Introduction
•What is a
Quadrilateral
•Angle Sum Property of
a Quadrilateral
• Types of
Quadrilaterals And
Their Properties
•Theorems
- Square
- Rectangle
- Rhombus
-
 these are congruet
angles
these are parallel lines
these are perpendicular
lines
INTRODUCTION
 Quadrilateral just
means "four sides"
(quad means
four, lateral means
side).
 Any four-sided
shape is a
Quadrilateral.
 But the sides have
to be straight, and
it has to be 2-
 Properties of Quadrilateral
• FOUR sides (edges)
• FOUR vertices (corners)
• The INTERIOR ANGLES add up to 360 degrees
For example :

100°+100°+110°+50°=360° 90°+90°90°+90°=360°
Try drawing a quadrilateral, and measure the angles.
They should add up to 360°
Angle sum property
of a quadrilateral
The sum of all the
angles of a quadrilateral
is 360˚. This is the angle
sum property of a
quadrilateral.
 llelo llelo
ara ara
p p
am am
gr gr

PARALLELOGRAM

A quadrilateral which
has opposite sides
parallel is called a
parallelogram. lo
le lo le
ra
l ral
pa
m pa m
ra ra
 es
ti the consecutive angles of
e r a parallelogram are
p r a supplementary
r o of og
P el
l l
ra m Diagonals bisect
Pa each other

Opposite
angles are
Opposite congruent
Opposite
sides are
sides are
congruent
parallel
 EXAMPLE2:
Use the properties to solve for the parallelogram.
That is, find the measures of all the other sides and
angles of the parallelogram.

L 20cm I
100 0 8 00
17cm
0
80 100 0
E F
Activity: Refer to the parallelogram
OPQR
6) mROP O 10 P
7)mOPQ
8)mPQR 8
0
125
9 ) OR  R Q
10)QR 
 Parallelogram Formula
Area of Parallelogram = b (base) X h (height)
Perimeter of parallelogram = 2a + 2b
For example :
a
Given side a is 3cm side be is 4cm
b b Perimeter of parallelogram : 2(3cm) + 2(4cm)
= 6cm + 8cm
a = 14cm

h Given the base is 3cm and height is 5cm

Area of parallelogram : 3cm X 5cm
b = 15cm²
RECTANGLE
A quadrilateral with each
angle a right angle and
opposite side congruent
is called a Rectangle.
 PROPErTIES OF
RECTANGLE
• Every angle is right angle.
• Opposite sides are congruent.
• Opposites sides are parallel.
• Diagonals are congruent .
• Diagonals bisect each other.
RHOMBUS
A
quadrilateral
having all
sides
congruent is
called a
rhombus.
PROPERTIES
OF DIAGONALS DIAGONALS
ARE _I_
RHOMBUS BISECT
EACH
OTHER

OPPOSITE
ANGLES
ARE
OPPOSITE //
ANGLES
ARE
ALL SIDES ARE EQUAL
CONGRUENT
 EXAMPLE:
O
If m / ROA=1080,find:
a) m / ROD
R A
b) m / ORD

c) m / OAD
D
 Rhombus Formula
Base Times Height Method : Area of Rhombus = (b)( h)
Diagonal Method : Area of Rhombus = ½ (d1) (d2)
Perimeter of Rhombus = 4(s)
where s = side, b = breadth, h = height, d1, d2 are diagonals
For example : • Given base 3cm height 4cm
BTHM : (b )( h)
(3cm )( 4cm)
= 12cm²
• Given diagonals 2cm and 4cm
DM : ½ ( d1) ( d2)
½ (2 )(4)
= 4cm²
•Given side 2cm
Perimeter of Rhombus = 4(2)
= 8cm
 SQUARE
A quadrilateral with
all congruent sides &
each angle a right
angle is called a
Square.
 PROPERTIES OF
Square SQUARE
has equal Diagonals
sides. are
Every congruen
angle is t.
right
angle.
Opposite Diagonals
sides are bisect each
parallel. Each diagonalother.
is perpendicular
bisector of
the other.
 Square Formula
Area of Square = (s)²
Perimeter of Square = 4(s)
where s = side
For example : Area of Square = (3cm)²
3cm = 9cm²
Perimeter of Square = 4(3cm)
= 12cm
 REFLECT

The deal is fair and square.

Being fair is being free from
In what ways
what does the idiomatic expression “fair
bias,dishonesty, or injustice in
and square” mean?
whydealing
do u think with others.
the square is used
could
instead you be or
of a triangle,rectangle,
rhombus?
fair?
 r i la t e ra l i n
The q u a d T
n e p a ir o f
n ly o
which o i s p a r a ll e l R
site s i d e s
opp o i u m . A
le d tr a p e z
is ca l P
E
Z
I
U
M
Property of
TRAPEZIUM

No
opposite
side is
parallel.
Property of
TRAPEZIOD

Only one
pair of
opposite
side is
parallel.
 Trapezium Formula
Area of Trapezium = ½ X (a + b) X h
where a, b = sides, h = height
Perimeter of Trapezium = a + b + c + d
where a, b, c, d = sides
For example : • Find the area of trapezium. Given
length b is 3cm and length a is 4cm and
height is 2cm.
Area of Trapezium = ½ X (4 + 3) X 2
= ½ X 14
= 7cm²
• Given side a is 3, b is 4, c is 5 and d is 6
Perimeter of Trapezium = 3 + 4 + 5 + 6
= 18cm
 KITE
A quadrilateral in which there are
two pairs of sides & each pair is
made up of adjacent sides that
are equal in length is called kite.
 O ne
t diagonal
ac e n Diagon
Ad j bisect
s are
side uent each als are
n g r other _I_
co

PROPERTIES
OF KITE
Kite Formula
Diagonal Method : Area of Kite = ½ X d1 X d2
Perimeter of Kite = 2 (a + b)
where a = length, b = breadth, d1, d2 are diagonals

For example :
• Find the area of kite given diagonals 2cm and 4cm
DM : Area of kite = ½ X 2 X 4
= 4cm²

• Given length 2cm and breadth 3cm. Find the

perimeter.
Perimeter of kite = 2 (2cm + 3cm)
= 10cm
critical thinking
state whether the statement is TRUE
a trapezoid has exactly one pair of
or FALSE.
parallel sides
a square is a a square is a
rectangle a parallelogram is arhombus
a rectangle is atrapezoid a rhombus is a
squarea parallelogram is a parallelogram
rhombus the legs of a trapezoid are
a trapezoid is a parallel
quadrilateral a trapezoid is a
parallelogram
if the bases of a trapezoid are congruent, the
trapezoid is isosceles
 ACTIVITY
IDENTIFY
A quadrilateral with all sides
congruent but not a square
A quadrilateral with all angles
congruent, but not a square
a quadrilateral WXYZ with
WX // YZ, but XY not parallel
to WZ
AB  ___  ___  ___ A B
BCD  ___  ___  ___
E
AC  ___
BE  __  __  __
___  BC D C
__  AC
 EXAMPLES:
x 100 800

x y

y x
620
THEOREMS
A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it
into two congruent triangles.
 In a parallelogram opposite sides are
equal.
 If each pair of opposite sides of a
quadrilateral are equal, the it is a
parallelogram.
 In a parallelogram opposite sides are
equal.
 If in a quadrilateral, each pair of
opposite angles is equal, the it is a
quadrilateral.
 The diagonals of a parallelogram bisects
each other.
 If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect
each other, then it is a parallelogram.
 A quadrilateral is a parallelogram, If a
pair of opposite sides is equal and
parallel.
 i n t
- p o
i d e m
M eor
t h