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Stat4

The document discusses the concepts of statistics and probability, focusing on normal distribution and its properties, including the mean, variance, and standard deviation. It explains the characteristics of the normal curve, such as its bell shape and symmetry, and introduces the empirical rule, which describes how data falls within standard deviations from the mean. The empirical rule states that approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.70% of data lies within one, two, and three standard deviations from the mean, respectively.

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melton a. Merza
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2 views

Stat4

The document discusses the concepts of statistics and probability, focusing on normal distribution and its properties, including the mean, variance, and standard deviation. It explains the characteristics of the normal curve, such as its bell shape and symmetry, and introduces the empirical rule, which describes how data falls within standard deviations from the mean. The empirical rule states that approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.70% of data lies within one, two, and three standard deviations from the mean, respectively.

Uploaded by

melton a. Merza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics and Probability

MELTON A. MERZA, CE, LPT


Interpretation: Since the mean 𝜇 = −3.75, this
means that Dexter would lose Php 3.75 per toss.

The variance of his gain is 379.69 with standard

spread out the values of 𝑥 per toss are around


deviation of 19.49 and these indicate how

the mean.
Normal Distribution Normal Probability Distribution
or simply the normal curve is a probability
distribution of continuous random variables. It
shows graphical representations of random
variables obtained through measurement like the
height and weight of the school children, the
percentile ranks of the students in their National
Career Assessment Examination (NCAE) result, or
any data with infinite values. It is used to describe
the characteristics of populations and help us
visualize the inferences we make about the
population.
It also used to determine the probabilities and
percentile of the continuous random variables in
the distribution.

For example, your grades in Mathematics is one of


the scores in the distribution, you can predict the
location of that score in the distribution and
interpret it with regards to the mean and standard
deviation.
Properties of Normal Curve The graphical
representation of the normal distribution is
popularly known as a normal curve. The normal
curve has the following properties or
characteristics:
1. The normal curve is bell-shaped.

2. The curve is symmetrical about its center. This


means that, the segment at the center ivides the
curve into two equal parts or areas.
3. The mean, median, and mode coincide at the
center. This also means that in a normal
distribution, the mean, median, and mode are
equal.

standard deviation, 𝝈 of the distribution.


4. The width of the curve is determined by the
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely
along the horizontal axis, always approaching the
axis but never touching it. That is, the curve is
asymptotic to the baseline.

6. The total area under a normal curve is 1. Thus it


represents the probability or proportion or the
percentage associated with specific sets of
measurement values.
Empirical Rule

You can easily understand the functions of


normal probability distribution in our real-life
world using the empirical rule. Because this rule
is used to roughly test the distribution’s
normality, if many data of a random variable fall
outside the lower and upper limits of the three-
standard deviation, this means that the
distribution is not normal.
The empirical rule is better known as 68% − 95% −
99.70% rule. This rule states that the data in the
distribution lies within one (1), two (2), and three (3) of
the standard deviations from the mean are
approximately 68%, 95%, and 99.70%, respectively.
Since the area of a normal curve is equal to 1 or 100%
as stated on its characteristics, there are only a few
data which is 0.30% falls outside the 3 – standard
deviation from the mean. For instance, the distribution
of the grades of the Senior High School students in
Statistics and Probability for the Third Quarter is shown
in Figure 7.

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