Parts of a

Computer
 Hardware
Parts of a
Software
Computer
Peoplewar
e
 Parts of a
Computer Hardware
 Parts of a Computer
A. Hardware
These are all the physical aspects of a computer
system.
They are tangible, i.e. you can see and touch them.
Hardware components are the electronic or
mechanical instruments, like keyboard, monitor,
printer etc.
 Types of
Hardware
INPUT DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
PROCESSING AND MEMORY
HARDWARE
 Types of Hardware

1.Input Hardware
For users to input data into the
computer system.
Examples:
*Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner
 Example: KEYBOARD

•A keyboard is an input device that you

use to enter data into a computer.
•It's also called the input device for your
computer.
 Example: KEYBOARD

•Keyboards are used with PCs, laptops,

tablets, and other devices.
•There are many different types of
keyboards, but the most common one is
the QWERTY keyboard.
 Example: KEYBOARD

•A QWERTY keyboard has all the letters

in alphabetical order on it.
•This is different from some other types
of keyboards, like Dvorak or Colemak
keyboards.
 Example: MOUSE

•A mouse is a hardware input device

that is used to move the cursor or
pointer on computer screens.
•It can also be used to run computer
programs, select items in a graphical
user interface, and manipulate objects
in the computer world.
 Example: MOUSE

•Some common examples of

how it can be used are clicking
on buttons, scrolling up and
down the screen, selecting files,
opening folders, and so on.
 Example: SCANNER

•A scanner is a device that

captures images from
photographic prints, posters,
magazine pages and similar
sources for computer editing and
display.
 Example: SCANNER

•Scanners work by converting the

image on the document into digital
information that can be stored on a
computer through optical
character recognition (OCR).
 Types of Hardware
2. Output Hardware
To translate and display the result of
the data processing.
Examples:
*Monitor Screen
*Printer
 Example: MONITOR SCREEN

• Personal computers use a monitor to

display data, run the software, and
interact with the user
• Monitors are available in different sizes
depending on the needs of the person
using them.
 Example: MONITOR SCREEN

The most common types

of monitors are:

 CRT (cathode ray tube)

 LCD (liquid crystal display)
 LED (light-emitting diode).
 Example: PRINTER

•A printer is a device that accepts text and

graphic output from a computer and
transfers the information to paper, usually to
standard-size, 8.5" by 11" sheets of paper.
•Printers vary in size, speed, sophistication
and cost.
 Types of Hardware
3. Processing and Memory Hardware
 Where data and information are processed and manipulated
to perform the task at hand.
 It is also the workspace of the computer, where it temporarily
stores data.
Examples of Processing Hardware:
* CPU, CPU Fan, Motherboard, Power Supply, External Ports, VDC, IOS
Examples of Memory Hardware:
* ROM, RAM, Sound Card
 Example: CPU

• A CPU, or central processing unit, is the

brain of a computer. The CPU processes
information and runs programs.
• It functions as a control unit that executes
programs according to instructions in its
program memory.
 Example: CPU

Elements of CPU
registers
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
control logic for
sequencing instructions
 Example: CPU Fan

The CPU fan in the computer is a very

important component for your PC.
If your CPU fan is not working correctly,
your computer will be overheating and it
may cause damage to other components.
 Example: CPU Fan

The CPU fan helps cool the CPU and other

internal parts of the computer.
It also provides negative pressure and
removes dust and debris from the inside.
 Example: MOTHERBOARD

The motherboard is the backbone of our

computer system. It's the central processing unit
or CPU.
It connects all the other components, like
memory and graphics card, to the power supply.
 Example: MOTHERBOARD

The motherboard is the backbone of

our computer system. It's the central
processing unit or CPU.
It connects all the other components,
like memory and graphics card, to the
power supply.
 Example: MOTHERBOARD

The motherboard is what makes one machine

different from another.
Motherboards are made up of tiny transistors
that control the flow of electricity through
copper tracks on their surface. These
transistors are called Integrated Circuits or ICs
for short.
 Example: POWER SUPPLY

A power supply is an electrical appliance that

provides the necessary power to operate a
computer.
Computers are powered by electricity, and the
power supply converts the alternating current
(AC) from the electric outlet into direct current
(DC).
 Example: POWER SUPPLY

The power supply in a computer can

be an internal or external component.
It’s important to make sure your
power supply is functioning properly.
 Example: EXTERNAL PORTS

• External ports are

used to connect your
computer to other
devices like printers
and speakers, among
many others.
 Example: VDC

Video display controllers (sometimes

shortened to VDC) are circuits found in
video cards, which control the video output
of the computer.
The controller is responsible for formatting
the data that is sent to the monitor or TV.
 Example: VDC

Video display controllers can be

implemented by either an onboard circuit
on the motherboard or a separate card that
connects to the motherboard through a
slot.
 Example: IO SYSTEM

• The Internetworking Operating System is

the set of devices that are used to access
data.
• There are three major parts of the IO
system: input, output, and storage.
 Example: IO SYSTEM

• Input devices, also called input

peripherals, are typically what data
is first inputted into the computer.
 Example: IO SYSTEM

• Output devices are where data is

displayed. Storage devices store data
so it does not need to be present in
memory or processed by a CPU.
 Example: ROM

• ROM stands for a type of memory chip that

can be read from but not written to.
• In other words, it's a form of data storage
that can't be changed after being
programmed.
 Example: ROM

• It's sometimes called "non-volatile" memory

because the stored information will remain even
when not powered up or in use.
• ROM is often used to store a computer's basic
start-up instructions and certain types of data,
such as your car's onboard computer system and
a calculator's data tables.
 Example: RAM

• A computer's RAM is a type of computer memory

that stores information so the CPU can access it
directly.
• Computer systems use main memory to store both
data and programs.
 Example: RAM

• The more RAM you have, the more data your system
can process at one time.
• This will lead to more efficient operations on your
computer, which translates into better performance for
the user.
 Example: SOUND CARD

A sound card is a computer chip that processes and

amplifies sounds.
It produces a signal to the speakers, headphones, or other
output devices.
The sound card can also be called a "sound card" or
"audio card."
 Example: SOUND CARD

Computers with sound cards are capable of playing digital

music files and videos, as well as speech synthesis.
Sound cards were originally provided as an external
device for home computers in the 1980s.
With the development of microprocessors, sound
capabilities were integrated onto motherboards during the
1990s.
 Types of Hardware

4. Secondary Storage Hardware

Where the computer system stores data
permanently.

Examples:
*Hard disk drive, Optical Drive, Pen
drive
 Example: HARD DISK DRIVE

• A hard disk drive is a piece of hardware inside

a computer that stores information.
• It's used to store software and data in a safe
place, which can be accessed when needed.
 Example: HARD DISK DRIVE

•With magnetic storage, there are no moving parts

- unlike a CD or DVD player in which you need
to move a disk in order to access data.
•You can think of it as "a closet" where all your
stuff is stored safely.
 Example: OPTICAL DRIVE

Optical Drives are used in PCs to read and write CDs

and DVDs.
The optical drive reads the data from the disc, which can
then be transformed into a digital file that is readable by
the computer.
This makes it easy to backup files, play music or
movies, or copy data from one disc to another.
 Example: OPTICAL DRIVE

The term "CD" refers to Compact Discs, which are the

most common type of optical drive on modern computers.
They are often used for installing software on your
computer, moving data between computers, or writing
new programs.
 SEATWORK #5

I. Identification
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