Scribd
Upload
8 views

Virus

Viruses are infective agents consisting of nucleic acid in a protein coat, unable to multiply without a host cell. They are classified based on genetic material (DNA or RNA), structure (spherical, helical, icosahedral, complex), and host type (animal, plant, bacteriophages). Historically, significant discoveries in virology include the invention of the Chamberland filter and the development of the electron microscope, which allowed for direct observation of viruses.

Uploaded by

ian Bumagat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

Virus

Viruses are infective agents consisting of nucleic acid in a protein coat, unable to multiply without a host cell. They are classified based on genetic material (DNA or RNA), structure (spherical, helical, icosahedral, complex), and host type (animal, plant, bacteriophages). Historically, significant discoveries in virology include the invention of the Chamberland filter and the development of the electron microscope, which allowed for direct observation of viruses.

Uploaded by

ian Bumagat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

The World of

Viruses
Learning
Points
Importance
Introduction Types /
Reproduction
Characteristics Classifications
What are
viruses?
• An infective agent that typically consists
of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein
coat, is too small to be seen by light
microscopy, and is able to multiply only
within the living cells of a host.
History & Discovery
1.Charles Chamberland
• invented Chamberland filter -
2. Dmitry Ivanovsky
• used the filter while studying Tobacco Mosaic Disease
3. Martinus Beijerinck
• confirmed Ivanovsky’s findings
• coined “virus” (poison)
4. Ernest Ruska and Max Knoll
• electron microscope
• direct visual evidence of viruses
5. Frederick C. Bawden & Norman Pirie
• studied the Tobacco Mosaic Virus - discovery of the parts
of virus
The parts of a
Protein coat / capsid

virus
Genetic material /
genome a protective layer made of proteins
either RNA or DNA - carries that surrounds and protects the genetic
the virus’ genetic material
information Lipid Envelope
(some viruses only) have an
outer lipid membrane derived
from the host cell, which helps
then infect new cells
Characteristics
Viruses are metabolically inert.

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.

Viruses cannot make energy or proteins


independent of a host cell.

Viruses multiply inside the living cells using host cell


machinery.
Characteristics
VIRUS AS A NON- LIVING THING

They lack a cellular structure.

They do not respire.

They do not move, grow.

They can be crystallised and stored in bottles like chemicals.

They lack enzyme system and donot have metabolic activity of


their own.s.
Types of viruses
Spherical Complex
1. Based on Genetic Material Classification
Viruses contain either DNA or RNA, never
both. 2. Based on Structure
DNA Viruses – Use DNA as their genetic Helical Viruses – The genetic material
material. is arranged in a spiral shape.
Examples: Example:
Smallpox virus Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Adenovirus (causes colds and sore throat) Icosahedral Viruses – Have a
RNA Viruses – Use RNA instead of DNA. symmetrical, 20-sided structure.
Examples: Example:
Influenza virus (Flu) Poliovirus
Coronavirus (COVID-19, SARS, MERS)
Rabies virus Complex Viruses – Have a mix of
shapes, often seen in bacteriophages
Retroviruses – A special type of RNA virus (viruses that infect bacteria).
that converts its RNA into DNA inside the Example:
Classification
3. Based on Host Type
Animal Viruses – Infect animals or humans.
Examples:
Rabies virus
Hepatitis B virus

Plant Viruses – Infect plants.


Example:
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

Bacteriophages – Infect bacteria.


Example:
T4 Phage
Importance & Benefits
Spreading &
Reproduction
Viruse
s

You might also like