Good Morning!

prepaid by:
Anaflor
Pagpaguitan
 RECALLING
PREVIOUS TOPIC

WHAT IS OUR PREVIOUS

TOPIC ALL ABOUT?
 EVALUATION
PLEASE GET 1/2 SHEET
OF PAPER TO ANSWER
THE QUIZ;
 Explore:
1.Do you think the DNA serves as a
blueprint of your body? In what ways?
(5pts)

2. What is Amino Acid? And what is DNA

or Deoxyribonucleic Acid? (5pts)
PRAYER
CHECKING
ATTENDANCE
CLASSROOM
RULES:
 RECALLING
PREVIOUS TOPIC
WHAT IS THE TWO
FEEDBACK MECHANISMS?
 RECALLING
PREVIOUS TOPIC
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN THE TWO?
1. What is the main function of the
nervous system in maintaining
homeostasis?
a) It produces hormones to regulate body
functions.
b) It transmits signals to and from the brain
to control body functions.
c) It stores energy in the body.
d) It regulates the body's temperature only.
2. What does the term “homeostasis”
refer to?
a) A state of balance among all body
systems that keeps the body functioning
optimally.
b) The increase of body temperature to fight
infections.
c) The ability of the body to produce energy
from food.
d) The process of storing excess glucose in
3. Which of the following is an example
of a negative feedback mechanism?
a) The release of adrenaline during stress.
b) The increase of insulin production when
blood sugar levels rise.
c) The stretching of uterine walls during
childbirth.
d) The production of milk during
breastfeeding.
4. In a feedback mechanism, what does
the body do in response to a change
detected by the nervous system?
a) It amplifies the change to enhance the
response.
b) It works to reverse the change and
restore normal levels.
c) It completely ignores the change.
d) It only sends signals to the brain.
5. How do the nervous and endocrine
systems work together to maintain
homeostasis when blood sugar levels
increase?
a) The brain sends signals to the pancreas to
release insulin, which lowers blood sugar.
b) The brain sends signals to the stomach to
absorb glucose from the blood.
c) The pancreas produces hormones that increase
blood sugar levels.
d) The liver stores glucose as glycogen without
ACTIVITY1:

Fill the
lack in
INSTRUCTION:
Complete the missing letters in
the given words by filling in the
blanks to form the correct
scientific terms. Use your
knowledge of the lesson to guide
you.
P_O_ _ EN
PROTIEN
_ H_S_
_AT_
PHOSPAT
E
CH_O_O_OM
E
CHROMOSOM
E
_EP_IC_TIO
N
REPLICATIO
N
What did you notice
or observe during
our activity?
Did anything feel
familiar to you? If
yes, what was it?
Based on what we've
done so far, what do
you think we will focus
on in today’s lesson?
What is
DNA?
Introductio
n
 Learning
Points
·Describe the role of DNA
as the blueprint for
building proteins and its
importance in heredity.
 Learning
Points
·Appreciate the complexity
and importance of DNA in
sustaining life and heredity.
 Learning
Points
Construct a simple model of
a DNA molecule, labeling
the nitrogenous bases,
sugars, and phosphates.
 Explore:

Instruction: Describe the role of

DNA as the blueprint for building
proteins and its importance in
heredity.
Explore:
 Explore:

Guide Questions:
1.What is DNA or
Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
Explore:

2. What is Amino Acid?

And what is DNA or
Deoxyribonucleic Acid?
 What is
DNA? acid) is
DNA (deoxyribonucleic
genetic material found in the
nucleus of cells. It is a
complex polymer which
carries the genetic code. This
determines all of the
characteristics of a living
organism.
 Discovering
Scientists DNA
James Watson and
Francis Crick built on the work
of other scientists to discover
the structure of DNA in 1953.

Using X-ray crystallography

techniques, they discovered
that DNA is made of two
strands coiled into a double
helix shape.
 What is a
double
helix?
DNA is in a double
helix shape.
It consists of two
parallel strands of
DNA twisted around
each other.
 What is a
nucleotide?
Nucleotides are the units
which DNA is composed of.

Each nucleotide includes a

phosphate group, a sugar
section and one of the four
bases.
 What is a
nucleotide?
Each nucleotide consists of:
a)A nitrogenous base- cytosine (C ), guanine (G),
adenine (A), and thymine (T).
b)a five-carbon sugar molecule- deoxyribose
c)a phosphate molecule
 Parts of a nucleotide

Phosphat Base
e

Sugar
 Base
pairs
Each nucleotide has a base.
There are four different bases
in DNA: thymine (T), adenine,
(A), guanine (G) and cytosine
(C).
A and T are a pair. G and C
are another pair. The
complementary pairs are
hydrogen bonded together.
This maintains the DNA
A closer look
Inside the cell is the nucleus, which is its
control center. Inside the nucleus are
chromosomes, thread-like structures are
made up of DNA coiled around proteins
called histones. Genes are sequences of
DNA that code for molecule that has a
function. Sometimes, genes code (act as
instructions) to make proteins.
Proteins are large, highly complex
molecules made in the ribosomes and
contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, and sometimes sulphur. Proteins
are present in all living things.
Proteins are essential to the human
body as its plays many important roles,
determining the structure and function
of all cells.
Importanc
e
of Proteins
There are two different types of proteins
according to structure:

a)Fibrous- these have an elongated

shape, and usually for structure and
support. They form muscles, bones,
tendons, and connective tissue. Water
insoluble, examples include collagen and
keratin.
b.)Globular- these have a spherical
shape, and have many functions like
regulation, transport, and serve as
catalysts. Water-soluble, examples include
enzymes, antibodies, and hemoglobin.
Proteins are made up of organic compounds
called amino acids, and different proteins are
made by forming combinations from any of
the 20 amino acids. A chain of amino acids is
linked together by peptide bonds (chemical
bonds formed between two molecules) and is
called a polypeptide. One or more of these
polypeptides make up a protein. Amino acids
and proteins are the building blocks of life.
Now as previously mentioned, DNA are inside
chromosomes, which are located in the
nucleus of the cell. Proteins on the other
hand, are made in the ribosomes in a process
called protein synthesis. Ribosomes are
located outside the nucleus. How can protein
synthesis happen when the instructions for it
are found inside the nucleus?
TRANSCRIPTION

Having two strands render DNA too large

to fit through the pores of the nuclear
membrane. The nuclear membrane encloses
the nucleus, protecting and separating
chromosomes from the rest of the cell. It is
full of pores through which materials pass
through.
RNA or Ribonucleic Acid, another nucleic acid
and also made up of nucleotides, can leave
the nucleus as it is only a single strand and
can squeeze through the nuclear
membrane’s pores. RNA is different from
DNA in that is sugar molecule is ribose, and
it contains the nitrogen base uracil (U)
instead of thymine.
Now earlier, we saw the structure of the
DNA,- it is double-stranded helix,
meaning that is composed of two
polynucleotides.
DNA can store and transmit information
because it is double helix structure. This
genetic information DNA is transmitted
or copies into the RNA. This process is
called transcription. How do this
happen?
-A part of the DNA is temporarily unzipped by an enzyme
(proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells) called RNA
polymerase. The RNA polymerase unzips the DNA by breaking
the hydrogen bonds that holds two strands together.

-This exposes the nitrogenous bases on each DNA strand. Only

one strand is copied, and this serve as template to assemble
complementary nucleotides into messenger RNA or mRNA. The
DNA code determines the order the nitrogenous bases are
copied to the mRNA.

-Essentially, mRNA copies and carries the instruction from the

DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome.
TRANSLATION:
-The mRNA goes to the ribosome, and the ribosomes
reads the code in the mRNA to produce an amino acid
chain.

-Remember, there are 20 amino acids. They are

gathered and carried to the ribosome by another type
of RNA called transfer RNA od tRNA.
-The ribosome reads the mRNA three nucleotides at
a time.This trio is called a codon. Each codon is
read by an anticodon, complementary sequence to
the codon trio. The anticodon allows the tRNA to
deliver the corresponding amino acid, adding onto
the chain. A third kind of RNA, called ribosomal
RNA or rRNA ensures that the mRNA , tRNA, and
the ribosomes are properly aligned for protein
synthesis. It helps translate the information in the
mRNA into protein. So three nucleotides translate
the information in the mRNA into protein. So, three
nucleotides (codon) = one amino acid.
-Essentially, the ribosome translated the
code in the mRNA in order to make an amino
acid chain. And like we learned earlier,
proteins are amino acid chains! Protein has
now been made.
Activity:

"DNA: The
Thread of Life"
Objective: Enable students to
appreciate the complexity and
importance of DNA in sustaining life
and heredity through a reflective and
interactive demonstration.
Mechanics: The teacher begins by holding a ball of yarn,
symbolizing DNA as the thread of life connecting
generations through heredity. The yarn is passed around
the students while they count aloud. At a preselected
random number, the student holding the yarn stops and
shares one trait they inherited from a parent (e.g., "I got
my curly hair from my mom"). After sharing, the yarn
continues to be passed, and the process repeats with new
random numbers until several students have shared their
traits.
Reflection:
After the game, the teacher asks:

·“What does this activity teach us about

the role of DNA in heredity?”
·“Why is DNA essential for passing traits
and sustaining life?”
Homework: DRAW ME!

Instruction: Construct a simple

model of a DNA molecule, labeling
the nitrogenous bases, sugars, and
phosphates.