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Computer Hardware the Building Blocks of Technology

This presentation covers the essential components of a computer system, including the CPU, RAM, storage devices, GPU, I/O devices, PSU, and motherboard. It discusses their functions, interactions, and the impact on overall performance, as well as emerging trends like AI acceleration and quantum computing. The document emphasizes the importance of hardware specifications in determining a computer's capabilities and efficiency.

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Monis Playz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 views

Computer Hardware the Building Blocks of Technology

This presentation covers the essential components of a computer system, including the CPU, RAM, storage devices, GPU, I/O devices, PSU, and motherboard. It discusses their functions, interactions, and the impact on overall performance, as well as emerging trends like AI acceleration and quantum computing. The document emphasizes the importance of hardware specifications in determining a computer's capabilities and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Monis Playz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Hardware: The

Building Blocks of
Technology
This presentation explores the essential components of a computer
system. We'll delve into the functions of key hardware elements, their
interactions, and their impact on overall performance.

HS
by Hummad Sheikh
Introduction to Computer Components

Central Processing Random Access Storage Devices Graphics Processing


Unit (CPU) Memory (RAM) Unit (GPU)
Long-term storage for
Temporary storage for data, including hard disk
The brain of the data and programs that drives (HDDs) and solid- Specialized processor for
computer, responsible for are actively being used by state drives (SSDs). rendering graphics and
executing instructions and the CPU. The more RAM, video. GPUs can boost
processing data. The the faster the computer gaming performance and
CPU's speed is measured will run. speed up image and video
in GHz. editing.
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
1 1. Core Count 2 2. Clock Speed
The number of cores in a The clock speed measures
CPU determines how many how fast the CPU can
tasks it can handle process instructions,
simultaneously. measured in GHz.

3 3. Cache 4 4. Instruction Set


The CPU cache is a small,
fast memory that stores The instructions a CPU can
frequently used data, understand and execute
enhancing performance. are defined by its
instruction set.
Random Access Memory
(RAM)
Volatile Memory Speed and Capacity
RAM is volatile memory, RAM speed is measured in MHz
meaning that data is lost when and affects how quickly data
the computer is turned off. can be accessed. More RAM
allows for more applications to
run simultaneously.

Types of RAM Impact on Performance


DDR4 and DDR5 are the current
standards for RAM modules, Insufficient RAM can lead to
offering increased performance slow performance, system
and lower power consumption. crashes, and lagging.
Storage Devices: HDDs and
SSDs

Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) Solid-State Drives (SSDs)


HDDs use spinning platters to store
data, making them slower and less SSDs use flash memory to store data,
durable than SSDs. They offer higher resulting in faster read/write speeds
storage capacity at lower costs. and better durability than HDDs.

Data Transfer Rates Cost Considerations


HDDs use slower SATA interfaces while SSDs are generally more expensive
SSDs use faster NVMe protocols, than HDDs per gigabyte but offer
significantly impacting data transfer significantly better performance.
speeds.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

1 Dedicated Graphics
A dedicated GPU is a separate chip designed for handling graphical tasks. It
can significantly enhance gaming performance and accelerate video editing.

2 Integrated Graphics
Integrated graphics are built into the CPU and offer basic graphical
capabilities. They are less powerful than dedicated GPUs and are suitable for
general use and basic computing.

3 GPU Architecture
GPUs are designed with a parallel processing architecture, making them
efficient at handling complex graphical calculations.

4 GPU Performance
Performance is measured in terms of frame rates (FPS) for gaming and
rendering speeds for graphics applications.
Input/Output (I/O) Devices
Input Devices
Input devices allow users to enter data and instructions into the computer
system. Examples include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, and scanners.

Output Devices
Output devices present processed information to the user. Examples
include monitors, speakers, printers, and projectors.

I/O Interfaces
I/O devices connect to the computer system through interfaces like USB,
HDMI, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi.

I/O Controllers
The motherboard contains controllers that manage communication
between the CPU and I/O devices.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Power Conversion
1 PSUs convert AC power from the wall outlet to DC power required by computer components.

Efficiency Ratings
2 Efficiency is measured in terms of power consumption and heat generation.
Higher efficiency ratings indicate less wasted energy.

Wattage Requirements
3 The PSU's wattage output must be sufficient to meet the power
demands of all computer components.

Protection Features
4 PSUs include overvoltage, overcurrent, and short-circuit
protection to safeguard components.
Motherboard and its Interconnections
Chipset
1
The chipset manages communication between the CPU, RAM, and other components on the motherboard.

Expansion Slots
2
Expansion slots allow for the addition of peripherals like graphics cards and sound cards.

Connectors
3 Connectors provide interfaces for input/output devices, storage drives,
and other peripherals.

Bus Systems
4 Bus systems are pathways on the motherboard that
facilitate data transfer between components.
Emerging Trends in
Computer Hardware
1 2
AI Acceleration Quantum Computing
Specialized hardware for AI Emerging technology that harnesses
processing, enhancing machine quantum mechanics for significantly
learning and deep learning faster computation.
capabilities.

3 4
Miniaturization Sustainable Design
Shrinking component sizes leading to Focus on energy-efficient and eco-
smaller and more powerful devices. friendly hardware solutions to reduce
environmental impact.

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