Project Management

Dr. Sherif
Elatriby

Course Code: IENG344/MENG531

 Project
Management
Lecture No. 2
Introduction
Lecture Outline:

• Project Management activities

• Project management constraints
• Important concepts
• Chapter I “Project Network Diagrams”

Lecture (2) Introduction 3

Introduction to project management
Project Management activities
includes; planning, scheduling and controlling

 Planning - goal setting, defining the project, team organization

 Scheduling - relates people, money, and supplies to specific
activities and activities to each other
 Controlling - monitors resources, costs, quality, and budgets;
revises plans and shifts resources to meet time and cost demands

Lecture (2) Introduction 4

Introduction to project management
Project Management activities
includes; planning, scheduling and controlling
 Planning  Scheduling
 Objectives  Project activities
 Resources  Start & end times
 Work breakdown schedule  Network
 Team

 Controlling
 Monitor, compare, revise, action
Lecture (2) Introduction 5
Introduction to project
Project Planning, management
Scheduling, and
Controlling

Lecture (2) Introduction 6

Introduction to project
Project Planning, management
Scheduling, and
Controlling

Lecture (2) Introduction 7

Introduction to project
Project Planning, management
Scheduling, and
Controlling

Lecture (2) Introduction 8

Introduction to project
Project Planning, management
Scheduling, and
Controlling

Before Start of project During

project Timeline project

Lecture (2) Introduction 9

Introduction to project
Project Planning, management
Scheduling, and
Controlling
Time/cost estimates
Budgets
Cash flow charts
Material availability details
Budgets
Delayed activities report
Float activities report

CPM/PERT
Gantt charts
Milestone charts
Cash flow schedules

Lecture (2) Introduction 10

Introduction to project management
Project management constraints
The Triple Constraint of project management
Every project is constrained in different ways by its
- Scope goals: What is the project trying to
accomplish?

- Time goals: How long should it take to complete?

- Cost goals: What should it cost?

The project manager’s duty is to balance

these three often competing goals.

Lecture (2) Introduction 11

Introduction to project management
Important concepts
Project Organization

 Often temporary structure

 Uses specialists from entire company

 Headed by project manager

 Coordinates activities
 Monitors schedule and costs

Lecture (2) Introduction 12

Introduction to project management
Important concepts
A sample of project organization
President

Human Quality
Resources Marketing Finance Design Production
Mgt

Project 1 Project
Manager
Mechanical Test
Technician
Engineer Engineer

Project 2 Project
Manager
Electrical Computer
Technician
Engineer Engineer

Lecture (2) Introduction 13

Introduction to project management
Important concepts
Work breakdown structure (WBS)
 WBS is the process of subdividing the major project deliverables and project
work into smaller, more manageable components
Level

1. Project
2. Major tasks in the project
3. Subtasks in the major tasks
4. Activities (or work packages) to be completed

Lecture (2) Introduction 14

Introduction to project management
Important concepts
Work breakdown structure (WBS)

Lecture (2) Introduction 15

Introduction to project management
Important concepts
Project Scheduling

 Identifying precedence relationships

 Sequencing activities

 Determining activity times & costs

 Estimating material and worker requirements

 Determining critical activities

Lecture (2) Introduction 16

Introduction to project management
Important concepts
Task Dependency Types

Lecture (2) Introduction 17

Introduction to project management
Important concepts
Task Dependency Types

Imagine you work for a publishing company and have to

undertake the steps required in order for a book to
become fully published.

Task 1: Edit book contents

Task 2: Print book

In order to have a book published, a rigorous editing

stage must be undertaken. This is obviously to ensure
there are no mistakes within the contents of the final
book.
All mistakes need to be fixed prior to printing the book to
ensure no mistakes make it to the final copy. It is
therefore
Lecture (2) crucial that printing does not begin until the
Introduction 18
editing process is complete, making this a finish-to-start
Introduction to project management
Important concepts
Task Dependency Types

Imagine you are planning the work on a

construction site and have to organize the external
decoration of the buildings. There are two tasks
required for this.
Task 1: Assemble scaffolding
Task 2: Paint exterior

In order to begin painting the building, there must

be assembled scaffolding in place which can be
used. The task “paint exterior” therefore cannot
begin until the task “assemble scaffolding” has
been started. This is an example of a Start-to-Start
task dependency
Lecture (2)
as task 2 can only begin once
Introduction 19
task 1 has started.
Introduction to project management
Important concepts
Task Dependency Types

Imagine we are in the early stages of a construction

project. The foundation has been laid and now the
walls have to be set up. Our next steps are to place
the rebars and complete the wall forms.

First task: Place rebars

Second task: Complete wall forms

Comment: Both tasks have a finish-to-finish

relationship, as we can’t complete the wall forms
unless the rebar structure has been completed.
There is also a small-time lag between both tasks,
because we first have to install a few rebars before
we can
Lecture (2) work on wall forms.
Introduction 20
 Project
Management
Chapter I
Project Network
Diagrams
Project Network Diagrams
What are the project network diagrams?

Network analysis is the general name given to certain

specific techniques which can be used for the planning,
management and control of projects.

Network diagrams are the preferred technique for showing activity

sequencing. A network diagram is a schematic display of the logical
relationships among, or sequencing of, project activities.

Lecture (2) Introduction 23

Project Network Diagrams
What are the project network diagrams?

It Use nodes and arrows

-Arrows  An arrow leads from tail to head directionally

Indicate ACTIVITY, a time-consuming effort that is
required to perform a part of the work.

-Nodes  A node is represented by a circle

Indicate EVENT, a point in time where one or more
activities start and/or finish

Lecture (2) Introduction 24

Project Network Diagrams
What are the project network diagrams?
There are two types of network diagrams:

1) Activity-on-node (AON)
Nodes represent activities, and arrows show precedence
relationships.

2) Activity-on-arrow (AOA)
Arrows represent activities and nodes are events for points in time.

Lecture (2) Introduction 25

Project Network Diagrams
Types of project network diagrams
Situations in network diagram

Lecture (2) Introduction 26

Project Network Diagrams
Types of project network diagrams
Important Definitions
Dummy activity
An imaginary activity which does not consume any resource and time is
called a dummy activity.

Dummy activities are simply used to represent a connection between

events in order to maintain a logic in the AOA network. It is represented by a
dashed line in a network.

Lecture (2) Introduction 27

Project Network Diagrams
Types of project network diagrams
Important Definitions
Critical path
Critical path for a project is the series of activities that determine the earliest
time by which the project can be completed.
It is the longest path through the network diagram and has the least
amount of slack or float.

Float (Slack)
Float (slack) is the amount of time that a task can be delayed without
causing a delay to:
• subsequent tasks (free float)
• project completion date (total float)

Lecture (2) Introduction 28

Project Network Diagrams
Activity on arrow (AOA) diagram
AOA diagram example
Draw AOA Diagram for the project X given below:
Activity Precedence
A ---
B ---
C ---
D A
E B
F B
G C
H E, D
I G
J H, F, I
Lecture (2) Introduction 29
Project Network Diagrams
Activity on arrow (AOA) diagram
AOA diagram example
Draw AOA Diagram for the project X given below:
Solution D
2 5
A E H
B F
1 3 J
6 8
Start C
I End
G
4 7

Lecture (2) Introduction 30