Booting ..

PROCESS OF BOOTING, TYPES OF BOOTING IN DOS

Introduction What is Booting? Process of Booting. Types of Booting in DOS. Bibliography.

WHAT IS BOOTING..?

The process of switching on the computer is referred as the Booting of the computer. This word Booting comes from the phrase Picking somebody up by his boot straps.which is similar to when user switches on the computer, wakes it up and it gets redy for further action.

BOOTING..
It is also called to startup the computer . The disk from which startup or booting is done is called system disk or startup disk or bootable disk. We can also define Booting as..

Booting..

It is the loading of set of programs from the ROM (Read Only Memory) into RAM (Random Access memory) so that it creates an environment for the execution of commands or further processing..

PROCESS OF BOOTING..
During booting, three files are loaded into memory (RAM).These are :
 IO.SYS,  MSDOS.SYS  COMMAND.COM

Let us now see what happens when a user boots a system..

PROCESS..
1. The POST(Power on self test) routines perform a Reliabiltity test on the other ROM programs to find Whether they are in order or not. 2. The ROM startup routines set up addresses of ROM BIOS routines in Interrupt Vector Table(IVT) at the low end of memory.It also performs RAM test and stores the base memory size value at some locations in memory.

PROCESS..
3. ROM startup routines check and initialize the standard equipment like keyboard, VDU, floppy disk, mouse,joystick,light pen and printer etc.It also stores the list of these selected devices in memory at some locations. 4.The ROM startup routines check for nonstandard equipment attached to the computer. If found,they transfer control to ROM extension routines.The ROM extension routines initializes the nonstandard

PROCESS..
equipment like Harddisk and hands over the control back to the ROM startup routines. 5. ROM startup routines reads from BIOS(Basic Input Output System) and loads into RAM .Usually this sequence is A:C which means the system would first attempt to boot from A drive but if it fails to boot from drive A then it would attempt to boot from drive C .

PROCESS..

6. A ROM startup routines called Bootstrap loader loads the contents of side 0,track 0 and sector 1. In case of Floppy disk,the disk reads the bootstrap Program, but in case of hard disk,ROM finds the Master boot program which loads the boot sector. 7.The disk bootstrap program loads the file IO.SYS from the disk into memory ,which contains

PROCESS..
two modules:
1. Disk BIOS 2. SYSINIT. fr The SYSINIT module loads the file MSDOS.SYS om the Disk into memory.Further MSDOS.SYS loads the file COMMAND.COM into memory COMMAND.COM contains two modules: 1. RESIDENT PORTION of memory 2. TRANSIENT PORTION of memory.

TYPES OF BOOTING..
There are mainly two types of booting: 1.COLD Booting (Switch Booting). 2. HOT Booting( Resetting).

Types..

1. COLD BOOTING: When the PC is switched on, it loads the Bootable DOS program from the disk to the memory.This type of startup or booting of the computer is a slow process. It can be done only from the ON/OFF button on the cabinet and so called as switch booting.

Types..
2. HOT BOOTING: This is also called as WARM Booting.It is faster than cold booting.If computer Hangs or halts or crashes due to some reason, It may e necessary to reset it either by pressing Reset button from the cabinet or by pressing CTRL +ALT+DEL keys from the keyboaard simulteneously. The computer restarts and the booting of this type From keyboard keys or reset button is called HOT/ WARM Booting.It is also called Resetting or.. Reinitialization..

If by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del key or reset button, The computer doesnot start,then it means that The codes being sent by the keyboard are not Being received or interpreted by the CPU. If this happens, user must turn the power off,wait for few seconds,then again switch on the power Button and resume the operation. In case of Hard disk, user should wait until disk rotation stops before turning on power switch..

THANK YOU

Stage 1 Boot Loader