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The document presents a comprehensive nutrition assessment and recommendations for a 20-year-old male with Type 2 Diabetes, focusing on balanced macronutrient intake and glycemic control. It includes specific dietary guidelines, education strategies, and community resources to support the patient's health management. The plan emphasizes achievable dietary changes and regular monitoring to prevent complications and promote long-term health.

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Final and Presentation

Uploaded by

gibson Muiruri

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Capstone Case Study:

Comprehensive Assessment and

Nutrition Recommendations for
BB
Jessica Perez
Course: Nutrition
12/15/2024
Instructor: Dr. Ferrara
Who is BB?
• 20-year-old male.
• Weight: 80 kg, Height: 155 cm.
• Health condition: Type 2 Diabetes, high blood glucose
(250 mg/dL), HbA1c (7.0%).
• Lifestyle: Full-time student and part-time worker.

Introduction to Psychosocial Factors:

• Busy schedule with potential dietary and time

the Patient •
constraints.
Limited access to nutritious foods may affect his eating
habits.
Key Lab Values:
• Blood glucose: 250 mg/dL.
• HbA1c: 7.0% (indicates suboptimal blood sugar
control).
• Additional lab tests (suggested): Lipid profile, kidney
and liver function, and electrolytes.
Macronutrient Recommendations:
Calories: 2,400–2,600 kcal/day.
Carbohydrates: 270–390 g/day (45–60% of total calories).
• Focus: Whole grains, vegetables, legumes.
• Limit: Refined sugars and processed foods.
Protein: 75–130 g/day (10–35% of total calories).

General
• Focus: Lean sources like poultry, fish, and plant-based options.
Fat: 53–91 g/day (20–35% of total calories).

Nutrition
• Focus: Healthy fats (nuts, seeds, avocados).
• Limit: Saturated and trans fats.

Needs
Micronutrient Targets:
• Vitamin A: 900 mcg/day.
• Vitamin D: 600 IU/day.
• Vitamin E: 15 mg/day.
• Vitamin K: 120 mcg/day.
• Vitamin B12: 2.4 mcg/day.
• Vitamin C: 90 mg/day.
• Potassium: 3,400 mg/day.
• Sodium: <2,300 mg/day.
Education Plan
• Goals:
• Educate BB on blood sugar regulation through diet.
• Promote balanced meals with steady energy release.
• Strategies:
1. Carbohydrate Management:
1. Teach BB about the glycemic index.
2. Spread carb intake evenly throughout the day.
2. Balanced Meals:
1. Combine protein, fat, and carbs in every meal to slow glucose
absorption.
3. Meal Timing:
1. Encourage regular meals/snacks to avoid blood sugar fluctuations.
4. Practical Tips:
1. Swap sugary drinks for water or unsweetened beverages.
2. Incorporate more vegetables and fiber-rich foods.
• Small, Achievable Changes:
• Replace white bread with whole-grain options.
• Add a serving of vegetables to at least one meal daily.
• When Enteral Nutrition May Be Needed:
• If complications such as gastroparesis or inability
to eat arise.
Formula Recommendations:
• High-protein, diabetes-specific formulas (e.g.,
Enteral Glucerna).
• Low glycemic index to minimize blood sugar
Nutrition spikes.
Monitoring and Adjustments:
• Regular blood glucose monitoring.
• Adjust formula volume and timing based on caloric
and nutrient needs.
Key Considerations:
• Prevent malnutrition while maintaining glycemic
control.
• Coordinate with healthcare team for personalized
adjustments.
Key Takeaways from the
Project
Recommendations Summary:

• Emphasis on balanced macronutrient intake and glycemic control.

• Regular meal timing and portion control.

• Utilize community resources for ongoing support.

Thought Process:

• Address BB’s individual needs through evidence-based guidelines.

• Prioritize achievable dietary changes to fit his busy lifestyle.

Resources Used:

• Clinical practice guidelines for diabetes management.

• Peer-reviewed research on nutrition and diabetes.

Future Considerations:

• Regular follow-ups to adjust dietary recommendations as needed.

• Monitor for long-term complications (e.g., cardiovascular or kidney health).

• Continued education on lifestyle habits and self-management.

Community
Resources
• Resources for BB:
1. Diabetes Education Programs:
1. Local diabetes centers for counseling and meal
planning.
2. Food Access Assistance:
1. Food banks offering fresh produce.
2. Government programs like SNAP.
3. Support Networks:
1. Online diabetes support groups.
2. Peer mentors for sharing experiences and advice.
• Practical Application:
• Encourage BB to attend a diabetes self-management
class.
• Provide a list of affordable, nearby resources tailored to
his needs.
Conclusion:

• BB’s nutrition plan focuses on

Conclusion achievable changes, glycemic
and control, and long-term health
Acknowledgm maintenance.
ents • Community support and regular
monitoring are vital for success.
Acknowledgments: