TYPES OF NEBULA

Physics Project - 8
WHAT IS A

NEBULA
 Nebula

A Nebula is an enormous cloud of dust and gas

occupying the space between stars and acting as
a nursery for new stars.
Nebula – Singular

Nebulae – Plural
Types of Nebulae
 Emission Nebula

Dark Nebula

Reflection Nebula

Supernova Remnant

Planetary Nebulae
Emission Nebula
• Shine bright due to florescence
• Hot glowing stars within the
surrounding cloud of gas and dust

• Emission Nebulae are regions in space

where gas is ionized by extreme-UV
radiation, leading to the emission of
characteristic spectral lines.
• They include H II regions,
• each with unique compositions and
origins based on the type of stars
involved in their formation.
• Example : Orion Nebula
 Orion
Nebula
Orion nebula is the classic
example of an emission nebula
(M42)located just below Orion
belt. Another common type of
emission nebula is a planetary
nebula. These Objects consists of
a central white dwarf star
surrounded by clouds of gas
released as the original star
evolved to the white dwarf phase.
The entire Orion Nebula in a composite
image of visible light and infrared; taken by
Hubble Space Telescope in 2006
 Dark clouds in interstellar space that are so
Dark Nebula dense that light cannot pass through it
Light is often scattered if it passes through
this type of nebula
Horsehead nebula in near Orion’s belt and
sword is perfect example of dark nebula
Dark nebula or absorption nebula is a type
of interstellar cloud, particularly
molecular clouds, that is so dense that it
obscures the visible wavelengths of light
from objects behind it, such as background
stars and emission or reflection nebulae.
The extinction of the light is caused by
interstellar dust grains in the coldest,
densest parts of molecular clouds.
Example : Horsehead Nebula
 Horsehead
Nebula
 The Horsehead, also known as Barnard 33, is
a cold, dark cloud of gas and dust, silhouetted
against the bright nebula, IC 434. The bright
area at the top left edge is a young star still
embedded in its nursery of gas and dust. But
radiation from this hot star is eroding the
stellar nursery.
 The Horsehead nebula lies just south of the
bright star Zeta Orionis, which is easily visible
to the unaided eye as the left-hand star in the
line of three that form Orion's Belt. Amateur
astronomers often use the Horsehead as a
This first light image from the Callisto telescope at the SPECULOOS
Southern Observatory (SSO) shows the famous Horsehead Nebula .. test of their observing skills; it is known as
The SSO is installed at ESO’s Paranal Observatory in the vast Atacama
Desert, Chile, and consists of four 1-metre planet-hunting telescopes. one of the more difficult objects to see
SPECULOOS will focus on detecting Earth-sized planets orbiting nearby
ultra-cool stars and brown dwarfs. visually in an amateur-sized telescope.
Reflection
Nebula
• Dust scatters Blue Light more
effectively than red, so these
nebulae are more blue in color
• A reflection nebula is a cloud of
gas and dust which does not
create its own light, but instead
shines by reflecting the light from
nearby stars. The brightest
reflection nebulae are places
where new stars are being formed.
Here the gas and dust is thick and
shines by the light of new, bright
stars.
• Example : Pleiades
 Pleiade
s • It is a reflection nebula, caused by dust
reflecting the blue light of the hot, young
stars.
• The Pleiades Nebula, also known as
the Pleiades, the Seven Sisters,
and Messier 45, is an open star cluster
located in the constellation of Taurus. It is
384 light-years from Sol.[1] Around the
Pleiades star cluster is a reflection nebula.
It is caused by dust reflecting the blue
light of the hot, young stars.[2] The nine
brightest stars of the Pleiades are named
The Pleiades, an open cluster consisting of after the Seven Sisters of Greek mythology
approximately 3,000 stars at a distance of 400 light-
years (120 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation of and their parents: Alcyone, Atlas, Celaeno,
Taurus. It is also known as ‘The Seven Sisters’, or the Electra, Maia, Merope, Pleione, Sterope
astronomical designations NGC 1432/35 and M45.
(Asterope), Taygeta.
Supernova
Remnant
• A supernova remnant (SNR)
is the structure resulting from
the explosion of a star in a
supernova. The supernova
remnant is bounded by an
expanding shock wave, and
consists of ejected material
expanding from the explosion,
and the interstellar material it
sweeps up and shocks along
the way.
• Example : Crab Nebula
 Crab Nebula
• The Crab Nebula is the shattered
remnant of a massive star that
ended its life in a supernova
explosion. Nearly a thousand
years old
• It was a supernova that created
the Crab Nebula. During the
explosion, the star gives off
more energy than a galaxy of
100 billion stars. The outer
layers being ejected create an
expanding shell of dust and gas
HaRGB image of the Crab Nebula from the that become a supernova
Liverpool Telescope, exposures totalling 1.4 remnant.
hours.
Planetary Nebulae

 Nothing to do with planets

 Where named after planets as that
is what they when they were firsr
discovered
 Dying star in the end stages of its
life fusion has ceased within the
star and the outer layers are being
ejected from the star.
 End of red Giant Phase
 Leftover core/ star in center
 • Maneesha
• Vihanga
• Ulindu
• Sanumitha
• SITHULI

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