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IC Engines

The document provides an overview of Internal Combustion (IC) Engines and their classification, including types based on thermodynamic cycles, fuel used, strokes, ignition methods, cylinder numbers, positions, cooling methods, and engine speeds. It differentiates IC engines from External Combustion (EC) engines, highlighting key characteristics such as combustion location, thermal efficiency, and applications. Additionally, it defines important IC engine terms such as dead centers, stroke, bore, swept volume, clearance volume, and compression ratio.

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4 views

IC Engines

The document provides an overview of Internal Combustion (IC) Engines and their classification, including types based on thermodynamic cycles, fuel used, strokes, ignition methods, cylinder numbers, positions, cooling methods, and engine speeds. It differentiates IC engines from External Combustion (EC) engines, highlighting key characteristics such as combustion location, thermal efficiency, and applications. Additionally, it defines important IC engine terms such as dead centers, stroke, bore, swept volume, clearance volume, and compression ratio.

Uploaded by

shaaardul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IC Engines

Basic Mechanical Engineering


Heat Engines
• Heat Engine is a prime mover which derives the heat
energy from combustion of fuel or any other source and
converts this energy into mechanical work.
Classification of Heat Engines
1. External Combustion Engines (E.C. Engines)
- Combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine
cylinder.
- Eg: Steam Engine, Steam turbine, etc.

2. Internal Combustion Engines (I.C. Engines)


- Combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine
cylinder.
- Eg: Petrol Engine, Diesel Engine, etc.
IC Engines & EC Engines
Differentiate
IC Engines EC Engines
Combustion of fuel takes place inside Combustion of fuel takes place outside
the engine cylinder. the engine cylinder.

The temperature inside the combustion The temperature inside the combustion
chamber is much higher. chamber is much lower.
Cooling arrangement is necessary to The cylinder must be insulated to
prevent overheating of the cylinder. prevent the loss of heat to the
surroundings.
Thermal efficiency is higher (35 to Thermal efficiency is lower (15 to 20%)
40%)
It can be started instantaneously. It cannot be started instantaneously.

Used for transport vehicles. Used for electric power generation.


Classification of Heat Engines
1. Nature of Thermodynamic Cycle:
- Otto cycle engine
- Diesel cycle engine
- Dual combustion cycle engine
2. Type of the Fuel used:
- Petrol engine
- Diesel engine
- Gas engine
- Bio-fuel engine
- Dual fuel engine
Classification of Heat Engines
3. Number of Strokes:
- Two Stroke Engine
- Four Stroke Engine
4. Method of Ignition:
- Spark Ignition Engine (S.I. Engine)
- Compression Ignition Engine (C.I. Engine)
5. Number of Cylinders:
- Single Cylinder Engine
- Multi-Cylinder Engine
Classification of Heat Engines
6. Position of the Cylinder:
- Horizontal engine
- Vertical engine
- V- engine
- In-line engine
- Opposed cylinder engine
- Radial engine
7. Method of Cooling:
- Air cooled engine
- Water cooled engine
Classification of Heat Engines
8. Speed of the Engine:
- Low Speed Engine
- Medium Speed Engine
- High Speed Engine
IC Engine Diagram
IC Engine Terms
1. Dead Centers:
These are two positions of the piston when the crank and connecting
rod are in line.
(a) Top Dead Center (TDC):
- It is the top most position of the piston towards head side of the
cylinder.
- It is also known as the Cover End.

(b) Bottom Dead Center (BDC):


- It is the lowermost position of the piston towards the crank end
side of the cylinder.
- It is also known as the Crank End
IC Engine Terms
2. Stroke (L):
- It is the linear distance travelled by the piston when it moves from one end
of the cylinder to the other end. (TDC to BDC or BDC to TDC).
3. Bore (d):
- It is the inside diameter of the cylinder.
4. Swept volume or Displacement volume (vd):
- It is the volume swept through by the piston in moving between TDC and
BDC
5. Clearance volume (vc):
- It is the volume contained in the cylinder above the top of the piston, when
the
piston is at TDC.
IC Engine Terms
Total volume = Swept volume + Clearance volume.
vtot = vd + vc

d 2 d 2
vtot  L  Lc
4 4
d 2
 ( L  Lc )
4
IC Engine Terms
6. Compression ratio “r” :
- It is defined as the ratio of total cylinder volume (vtot) to
clearance volume (vc).
- Compression Ratio (r) = Total Volume/ Clearance Volume
= vd + vc / vc
- Petrol engine has compression ratio range of 7 and 12
- Diesel engine has compression ratio range of 16 and 20

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