Module 3: Lesson 4

Research Framework
Theoretical/Conceptual
Framework
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II - GRADE 12

By: HARVEY V. VALDEZ

Teacher III
 What is a Research
Framework?

• As you begin writing your research

project, you must consider the
framework that is suitable for your
study.
• A research framework illustrates the
structure or blueprint of the research
plan and helps the researcher
formulate relevant research questions.
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 What is a Research
Framework?

• The framework consists of the key

concepts and assumed relationships
of the research project.
• It is normally used as a guide for
researchers so that they are more
focused on the scope of their
studies.
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 What is a Research
Framework?

• It can be presented using visual

(diagrams, chart, etc.) and narrative
(paragraph stating the concepts and
relationships of the study) forms.

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 Types of Research
Frameworks

• The types of research frameworks are

classified as the theoretical and
conceptual frameworks.

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 Types of Research
Frameworks

• A theoretical framework is commonly

used for studies that anchor on time-
tested theories that relate the findings
of the investigation to the underpinning
relevant theory of knowledge.

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 Types of Research
Frameworks

• At the same time, a conceptual

framework refers to the actual ideas,
beliefs, and tentative theories that
specifically support the study. It is
primarily a concept or model of what is
out there that the researcher plans to
study.

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 Similarities of the Theoretical
and Conceptual Framework

1.Provide an overall view of the

research study;
2.Anchor a theory that supports the
study;
3.Guide in developing relevant research
questions/objectives;
4. Help justify assumptions/hypothesis;

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 Similarities of the Theoretical
and Conceptual Framework

5.Aid in choosing appropriate

methodology;
6.Help in gathering and interpreting data
and
7.Guide in identifying possible threats to
validity.

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 Differences Between the
Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework

THEORETI CONCEPTUA
CAL L
FRAMEWO FRAMEWORK
SCOPE • Broader
RK • Narrower/
• Can be focused
used in • Directly
different related to a
studies specific
study
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 Differences Between the
Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework

THEORETI CONCEPTUA
CAL L
FRAMEWO FRAMEWORK
FOCUS OF • TheRK • Set of
CONTENT particular related
theory concepts to
used a specific
already study
in the
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 Differences Between the
Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework

THEORETI CONCEPTUA
CAL L
FRAMEWO FRAMEWORK
NUMBER • Presents
RK • May
OF one synthesize
THEORIES theory at one or
a time more
Theories
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 Differences Between the
Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework

THEORETI CONCEPTUA
CAL L
FRAMEWO FRAMEWORK
TIME OF • Already
RK • Develop
DEVELOP existing while
MENT before planning
the and writing
conduct a specific
of the research
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Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• Understand the variables included in
your study as well as their
relationship with one another.
• Review the existing literature related
to your research topic.

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Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• Using the information that you have
gathered from the literature, look for
possible theories that may potentially
account for the expected results of
your research topic.

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Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
• From these theories, select the one
that is most relevant to your study
and can provide a blueprint for your
research.

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Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• Identify the key concepts in your
study by referring to your research
questions or objectives.
• Search for existing theories that
incorporate the same concept and
look into their relationships with one
another. COPYRIGHT 2009 17
Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• Using the existing theories as a
guide, plot your conceptual
framework using a concept map.
• In case that there are concepts not
covered by the selected theories.
Incorporate them into your
framework. COPYRIGHT 2009 18
Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• However, make sure that you are
incorporating this concept into your
framework because it is necessary for
your paper.

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Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• After completing the initial draft of
your conceptual framework, write a
narrative explanation of each concept
and how each of them relates to one
another. Again, there should be a
basis for the relationship between the
concepts being incorporated.
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Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• Refer once again to your research
questions. Check if the conceptual
framework is aligned with them.
• Note that the process of creating a
conceptual framework is
developmental.
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Guidelines and Strategies of
Choosing and Developing a
Research Framework (Barrot, 2017, p.73)
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• This means that it may still be refined
or changed as you read more
literature and look into more theories.
• In some cases, the research
hypothesis is presented at the end of
the conceptual framework.
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Common Example of
Conceptual Framework

• As you read on different research

studies, the common conceptual
frameworks used of most studies are
the independent and dependent
variable model and the input,
process, and output model.

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INDEPENDENT-DEPENDENT
VARIABLE MODEL

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INDEPENDENT-DEPENDENT
VARIABLE MODEL

• This conceptual framework shows the

independent and dependent variables
of the study.
• It is presumed that the more number
of hours a student prepares for the
exam, the higher would be the
expected academic performance.
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INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
MODEL

• The Input-Process-Output Model

(IPO) is a conceptual paradigm which
indicates the inputs, required
process, and the output.

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INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
MODEL

• This approach is seated on the

premise of acquiring essential
information by converting inputs into
outputs through the required
processing steps in obtaining the
result.

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INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
MODEL

• The IPO Model is also referred to as

a functional model that is usually
used in action research where an
intervention or solution is necessary
to solve the identified problem.

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INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
MODEL

• The Input is usually the independent

variable of the study. Meanwhile, the
Process is the intervention or solution
consist of the instruments and analyses
used to acquire the result. Lastly, the
Output is the findings or outcome of the
interventions being made to solve the
identified problem.
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INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
MODEL

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INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
MODEL

• This conceptual framework shows the

input, process, and output approach of the
study. The input is the independent
variable, which includes the socio-
demographic and food safety profile of the
respondents. The process includes the
tools and analyses in gathering the data,
while the output is the outcome based on
the results of the study.
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INDEPENDENT-DEPENDENT
VARIABLE MODEL

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INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
MODEL

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Scenario

With the continued rise of drug

related mortality in the Philippines, your
school plans to implement a survey
research on drug awareness program for
the entire province. According to
Guardian (2016), “The most widely
abused drugs in the Philippines are
methamphetamine hydrochloride, known
locally as shabu, and cannabis, which
can easily be grown in the country’s rural
areas”. COPYRIGHT 2009 34
Scenario

As reported in 2014, 89% of drug seizures

involved shabu while 8.9% involved
cannabis, according to Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency (PDEA). The
cooperating agencies are Department of
Education (DepEd), Philippine National
Police (PNP), and the Provincial Capitol. The
purpose of the undertaking is to evaluate
the level of awareness among parents and
the most vulnerable groups which are the
middle adulthood and the youth.
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Scenario

The research aims to examine the

extent of drug awareness at household
levels with due considerations of the
following characteristics: (1) socio-
economic status, (2) gender, (3) age
group, (4) educational attainment, and
(5) house hold size. The survey expects
to involve junior high school and senior
high school teachers for data-gathering
in different schools in the province.
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Scenario

The study also aims to gather

informative data about the integration
of drug awareness program in the
graduate school curriculum as basis for
policy formulation in your school.

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Title: Level of Drug
Awareness Among
Parents Middle
Adulthood and Youth
in the Province of
Nueva Ecija
Statement of the Problem
The study aims to evaluate the
level of awareness among parents, and
the most vulnerable group which are
the middle adulthood and youth in the
province of Nueva Ecija.
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Statement of the Problem

Specifically the study aims to seek

to answer the following questions:
1. How may the socio-demographic profile of the
respondents be describe in terms of:
a. socio-economic status,
b. gender,
c. age group,
d. educational attainment, and
e. house hold size.

2. How may the level drug awareness be describe in terms of

Drug Awareness Program implemented in the Province?
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 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
• Socio- Collaborating Level of
demographic Agency drug
Profile of the - PDEA awareness
Respondents - DepEd among
- Socio-economic - PNP
parents
- Provincial Capitol
status and the
- Gender Implementing most
- Age group Agency vulnerable
- Educational - JHS and SHS Faculty groups
Attainment which are
- Household size Instrument the middle
-Survey questionnaire adulthood
• Drug Awareness and the
Program Statistical Tool youth.
- Frequency
Implemented in
- Weghted
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WAIT :

WE ARE NOT YET DONE WE WILL

MOVE TO THE NEXT LESSON OF
THIS MODULE.

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