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Design Principles and Processes (1)

The document outlines design principles and processes for Grade 10T students at Saint Stanislaus College, covering essential elements such as line, shape, color, texture, space, and form. It details the steps involved in the design process, including problem definition, information gathering, solution generation, and testing. Additionally, it highlights factors that determine the appropriateness of a design, including aesthetics, functionality, economics, environmental impact, ergonomics, material suitability, innovation, and material selection.

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5 views

Design Principles and Processes (1)

The document outlines design principles and processes for Grade 10T students at Saint Stanislaus College, covering essential elements such as line, shape, color, texture, space, and form. It details the steps involved in the design process, including problem definition, information gathering, solution generation, and testing. Additionally, it highlights factors that determine the appropriateness of a design, including aesthetics, functionality, economics, environmental impact, ergonomics, material suitability, innovation, and material selection.

Uploaded by

gaariachada17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SAINT STANISLAUS COLLEGE

Design Principles and Elements

GRADE 10T
January 17, 2024

TR: ALBERT SINCLAIR


SBA REQUIREMENTS
1. Construction Industry
2. Manufacturing Industry
3. Safety Rules
4. Accident Report
5. Business Plan
6. Information Communication Technology (ICT)
7. Design Analysis
8. Lab 1 - 5
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
LINE:
An element of design, which refers to, the continuous mark made on a surface by a moving
point, i.e., 2-dimensisonal pencil marks on paper or 3-dimensional wire lines. (Line is often an
outline, contour, or silhouette)
DIRECTION:
Real or imaginary lines that point from one element to another or that connect
different elements. The lines don’t need to be visible:
STYLE:
Manner or process of employing tools and materials in a work of art in such a way as
to communicate the personality of an artist, school, or group; artists whose thoughts,
words, or style demonstrate a common influence or unifying belief.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Shape and size:
The element of design that has two dimensions: length and width. The
relative size of elements against each other can attract attention to a focal point. When
elements are designed larger than life, scale is being used to show drama.
Colour:
An element of art with properties of hue (the colour name, i.e., red, blue, etc.),
intensity (the purity and strength of the colour, i.e., bright red, dull red, etc.), and value
(the lightness or darkness of a colour).
TEXTURE:
An element of design referring to surface qualities; the look or feel of objects.
Visual texture is the illusion of the surfaces peaks and valleys, like the tree pictured. Any
texture shown in a photo is a visual texture, meaning the paper is smooth no matter how
rough the surface perceives it to be.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Space:
A design element that can be described as two- or three-dimensional in reference
to the distance or area between, around, above, below, or within objects. (Volume refers to
the space within a form.)
Form:
Three-dimensional (having height, width, and depth) and which encloses volume, i.e.,
cubes, spheres, pyramids, and cylinders; the configuration or shape of an object in two
dimensional or three-dimensional space; and art marked by a distinctive style, form, or
content.
Weights
Line width means line thickness. Choose line widths according to the size of the drawing from the
following range: 0.13, 0.18, 0.25, 0.35, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 mm. BIS recommends two line widths on a
drawing
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Colour:
Colour can play a large role in the elements of design. Colour can aid organization so develop a
colour strategy and stay consistent with those colours. It can give emphasis to create a hierarchy
to the design of building giving focus to specific features.
Colour can aid organization so develop a colour strategy and stay consistent with those colours.
Hue
Values and tints and shades of colours that are created by adding black to a colour for a shade
and white for a tint. Creating a tint or shade of colour reduces the saturation. Saturation gives a
colour brightness or dullness.
Shades:
Hatching; small, grouped lines made in drawing or engraving.
DESIGN PROCESS
The steps used for solving design problems are:

1. Define the problem; listing of the product or customer requirements and specially
information about product functions and features among other things.

2. Gather pertinent information; relevant information for the design of the product and its
functional specifications is obtained.

3. Generate multiple solutions; test, manufacturing, and marketing teams generate multiple
alternatives to achieve the goals and the requirements of the design.
DESIGN PROCESS
4. Communication of the design ideas; a survey regarding the availability of similar products in
the market should be performed at this stage

5. Development of working drawings; once the details of the design are clearly identified, the
design team uses design data to produce drawings for the purpose of manufacturing or
construction of a prototype.

6. Analyse and select a solution; considering cost, safety, and other criteria for selection, the
more promising alternatives are selected for further analysis. Detail design and analysis
step enables a complete study of the solutions and result in identification of the final design
that best fits the product requirements.

7. Test and implement the solution; a prototype of the design is constructed and functional
DESIGN PROCESS
Factors that Determine the Appropriateness of a Design
1. Aesthetics
For designers the aesthetic appeal of a product is often top of the selection
criteria. Internal and external finishes are dependent upon the materials used.

2. Functionality
Purpose, designed chiefly from the point of view of use, whether the
building is functional from the viewpoint of the client is quickly established; whether or
not it is functional for the building users will take a little longer to establish.

3. Economics:
Financial factors. Good design is rarely possible within fees offered by clients.
Designers also make use of standard components to reduce costs. Savings can also be made
by carefully selecting the best material and manufacturing process for the item being
DESIGN PROCESS
Factors that Determine the Appropriateness of a Design

4. Environment:
When designing products the designer must consider the effect on pollution
levels that their design will have. The product and its manufacture may also be influenced
by legislation which controls pollution outputs. There has also been a major shift in public
interest in environmental issues and many people will take this into account when
purchasing a product.

5. Ergonomics:
Is the art and science of designing the work to fit the worker to achieve
optimum productivity and cost efficiency, and minimum risk of injury.
DESIGN PROCESS
Factors that Determine the Appropriateness of a Design

6. Suitability of Material:
When choosing the materials for a product the designer must
consider a number of factors
1. Use of product
2. Quantity to be manufactured
3. Market niche (cost)

7. Innovation:
Products which appear on the market sometimes do so as the result of
technological innovation. Sometimes the new technology has an obvious application and
sometimes not. Sometimes technology is transferred from one application to another.
DESIGN PROCESS
Factors that Determine the Appropriateness of a Design

8. Selection of Material:
The selection of material has to take into account how the product/component will be used and
what environment(s) it will be used in.

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