Scribd
Upload
2 views

Networking I Overview of Computer Networks (2)

The document provides an overview of computer networks, focusing on network packets, topology, and the OSI model. It explains the structure and function of network packets, the different types of network topologies, and details the seven layers of the OSI model, including their roles in data transmission. Additionally, it discusses wired technologies such as Ethernet, fiber optic, and coaxial cables.

Uploaded by

Rovin Garcia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Networking I Overview of Computer Networks (2)

The document provides an overview of computer networks, focusing on network packets, topology, and the OSI model. It explains the structure and function of network packets, the different types of network topologies, and details the seven layers of the OSI model, including their roles in data transmission. Additionally, it discusses wired technologies such as Ethernet, fiber optic, and coaxial cables.

Uploaded by

Rovin Garcia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Understandin

g
Computer
Networks
Network Packet

• a formatted unit data


• fundamental unit of data
transmission
Network Packet
What it is: When you send data over a network (like the internet),
it's broken down into smaller chunks called packets.
Each packet contains:

Payload: The actual data being sent (part of a file, a message,


etc.).

Header: Control information that helps the packet get to its


destination. This includes things like:

Source and destination addresses (like the "to" and "from" on an


envelope)

Sequence numbers (to make sure packets are put back together in
the right order)

Error-checking information (to make sure the data arrives


correctly)
Network Packet

2 Kinds of data

• Control Information
• User data (payload)
Control
Information
it provides data the network
needs to deliver the user
data
Example:
• source and destination
network addresses
• error detection codes
• sequencing information
Network Topology

refers to the layout or


structure of a computer
network. It describes how the
different devices (nodes) in a
network are connected to each
other and how data flows
between them.
Network Topology
MAIN
TYPES:
Physical topology
This refers to the actual physical
arrangement of the cables and devices
in a network. It's how the network looks
in real life.
Logical topology
This describes how data flows through
the network, regardless of the physical
connections. It's the path that data
takes to get from one device to another.
Network
Links
Transmission media (physical media)
- used to link devices to form a computer
network

• electrical cable (Ethernet cable, Power


line communication)
• optical fiber (fiber-optic
communication)
• radio waves (wireless networking)
Open
System
Interconnected
(OSI) Model
Open System Interconnected
(
(OSI) Model
It's a conceptual framework that
breaks down the complex
process of network
communication into seven
distinct layers.
Seven Layers
of OSI Model
• Application Layer
• Presentation Layer
• Session Layer
• Transport Layer
• Network Layer
• Data Link Layer
• Physical Layer
Seven Layers of OSI
Model

Application Layer
This is the layer closest
to the user. It provides
network services to
applications, such as
web browsers and
email clients. Think of
it as the interface
between the user and
the network.
Seven Layers of OSI
Model

Presentation Layer
This layer is
responsible for data
formatting and
encryption. It ensures
that data is presented
in a way that both the
sender and receiver
can understand.
Seven Layers of OSI
Model

Session Layer
This layer manages
communication
sessions between
applications. It
establishes, maintains,
and terminates
connections between
devices.
Seven Layers of OSI
Model

Transport Layer
This layer ensures
reliable data transfer
between devices. It
breaks data into
smaller packets,
manages flow control,
and handles error
correction.
Seven Layers of OSI
Model

Network Layer
This layer is
responsible for routing
data packets across
networks. It
determines the best
path for data to travel
and handles logical
addressing (IP
addresses).
Seven Layers of OSI
Model

Data Link Layer


This layer handles data
transmission within a
local network. It
packages data into
frames and manages
physical addressing
(MAC addresses).
Seven Layers of OSI
Model

Physical Layer
This is the lowest layer
of the OSI model. It
deals with the physical
transmission of data
over the network
medium, such as
cables or wireless
signals.
Seven Layers of OSI
Model

Physical Layer
This is the lowest layer
of the OSI model. It
deals with the physical
transmission of data
over the network
medium, such as
cables or wireless
signals.
Seven Layers of OSI
Model
Layers Protocols

Application • To allow access to network resources.

Software/

SENDER
Upper
Presentation • To translate, encrypt and compress data.
Layers
• To establish, manage, and terminate session
Session • API, Sockets, WinSock.

Heart of • To provide reliable process to process message delivery and


OSI Transport error delivery.

RECEIVER
• To move packets from source to destination.
Network • To provide internetworking.

Hardware • To organize bits into frames.


/Lower Data Link • To provide hop-to-hop delivery.
Layers
• To transmit bits over a medium
Physical • To provide mechanical and electrical specifications
• Coax, Fiber, Wireless, Hubs, Repeaters
Wired
Technologies

use physical cables to


connect devices and
transmit data.
Wired Technologies

Ethernet
• This is the most widely used wired networking
technology.
• It uses cables to connect devices to a network,
typically through a switch or router.
• Ethernet is known for its speed and reliability,
making it a popular choice for homes, offices, and
data centers.
• There are different types of Ethernet cables and
speeds, such as Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat6a, supporting
speeds from 100 Mbps to 10 Gbps and beyond.
Wired Technologies

Fiber Optic
• Fiber optic cables use thin strands of glass or plastic
to transmit data as pulses of light.
• This technology offers extremely high speeds and
can transmit data over long distances with minimal
signal loss.
• Fiber optic networks are commonly used for high-
bandwidth applications, such as telecommunications,
internet infrastructure, and connecting data centers.
Wired Technologies

Coaxial Cable
• Coaxial cable was once a common technology for
cable television and early computer networks.
• It uses a central conductor surrounded by a dielectric
insulator, a metallic shield, and an outer jacket.
• While less common for general networking today, it's
still used for some specific applications, like cable
internet access.
Thank You!

You might also like