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The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ approximately 12cm long and weighs between 250-300 grams, located in the mediastinum between the lungs. It consists of three layers: the protective pericardium, the muscular myocardium responsible for pumping, and the smooth endocardium lining the chambers. The heart has four chambers—two atria and two ventricles—each with distinct structures and functions, including valves that regulate blood flow.

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Preeti Sawant
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6 views

heart 1

The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ approximately 12cm long and weighs between 250-300 grams, located in the mediastinum between the lungs. It consists of three layers: the protective pericardium, the muscular myocardium responsible for pumping, and the smooth endocardium lining the chambers. The heart has four chambers—two atria and two ventricles—each with distinct structures and functions, including valves that regulate blood flow.

Uploaded by

Preeti Sawant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURE OF

HEART
PREETI SAWANT
TUTOR
VINE
HEART
• Heart is cone-shaped hollow muscular organ.
• It is about 12cm long, 9cm wide at its broadest point, and 6cm thick.
• It weighs 250gm in adult female and 300gm in adult male.
LOCATION OF THE HEART
• Heart rest on the diaphragm, near the midline of the thoracic cavity.
• It lies in the mediastinum between the lungs.
• Two-thirds of the mass of the heart lies to the left of the body's
midline.
• The pointed apex is formed by the tip of the ventricle and rests on the
diaphragm and directed anteriorly and inferiorly to the left, at the
level of the 5th intercostal space.
• The base of the heart is its posterior surface and formed by the upper
chambers(atrium).It extends to the level of the 2 nd rib.
Structure
The heart is composed of three layers of tissue:
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
PERICARDIUM
• The membranes that surrounds and protects the heart is the
pericardium
• It confines the heart to its position in the mediastinum, while allowing
sufficient freedom of movement for vigorous and rapid contraction.
• Pericardium consist of two parts: fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
FIBROUS PERICARDIUM
• The superficial fibrous pericardium is composed of tough, inelastic,
dense irregular connective tissue.
• It resembles a bag that rests on and attaches to the diaphragm.
• The fibrous pericardium prevents overstretching of the heart, provides
protection and anchors the heart in the pericardium.
SEROUS PERICARDIUM
• The deeper serous pericardium is a thinner, more delicate membrane
that forms a double layer around the heart.
• Serous pericardium has two layer: parietal layer(outer)
Visceral layer(inner)
• The outer parietal layer of the serous pericardium is fused to the
fibrous pericardium
• The inner visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also called
epicardium. It is thin, transparent layer of the heart
• Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium is a
thin film of lubricating serous fuild. This slippery secretion of the
pericardial cells is known as pericardial fluid, reduces friction between
the layers of the serous pericardium as the heart moves.
• The space that contains pericardial fluid is called pericardial cavity.
MYOCARDIUM
• The myocardium is composed of cardiac muscle tissue.
• It makes up about 95% of the heart and is responsible for its pumping
action.
• Cardiac muscle is involuntary like smooth muscle.
• The cardiac muscle fibers swirl diagonally around the hear in bundles
ENDOCARDIUM
• It is the innermost layer.
• It is a thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective
tissue.
• It provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and covers
the valves of the heart.
• The endocardium is continuous with the endothelial lining of the large
blood vessels attached to the heart..
• It minimizes surface friction as blood passes through the heart and
blood vessels.
CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
• Heart has four chambers:
Two superior receiving chambers of the heart- Atrium
Two inferior pumping chambers of the heart-Ventricles
On the anterior surface of each atrium is a wrinkled pouch like structure
called an auricle.
RIGHT ATRIUM
• It forms the right border of the heart and receives blood from three
veins: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus.
• Right atrium is about 2-3 mm in thickness
• The anterior and posterior walls of the right atrium are very different.
• The posterior wall is smooth and anterior wall is rough due to the
presence of muscular ridges called pectinate muscles.
• Between the right and left atrium is a thin partition called the
interatrial septum
• A prominent feature of this septum is an oval depression called the
fossa ovalis
• Blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle through a
valve called tricuspid valve.
• The valve of the heart are composed of dense connective tissue.
RIGHT VENTRICLE
• It is about 4-5mm in thickness and forms the anterior surface of the heart.
• Inside of the right ventricle contains a series of ridges formed by raised
bundles of cardiac muscles fibers called trabeculae carneae.
• The cups of the tricuspid valve are connected to tendon like cords, the chordae
tendineae. Which in turn are connected to cone shaped trabeculae carneae called
papillary muscles.
• The right ventricle is separated from the left ventricle through pulmonary valve
into a large artery called pulmonary trunk.
LEFT ATRIUM
• The left atrium is about the same thickness as the right atrium and forms
most of the base of the heart.
• It receives blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins.
• The inside of the left atrium has a smooth posterior wall.
• Anterior wall of the left atrium is smooth.
• Blood passes from the left atrium into the left ventricle through the
bicuspid valve.
LEFT VENTRICLE
• It is the thickest chamber of the heart, averaging 10-15mm.
• It forms apex of the heart.
• Left ventricle contains trabeculae carneae and chordae tendinae.
• Blood passes from the left ventricle through the aortic valve into the
ascending aorta
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