LESSO

N
I N T E L L E C1T U A L R E V O L U
TIONS THATDEFI
NED SOCIETY
INTRODUCT
ION
•This lesson will give light to the
development of Science and scientific ideas
in the heart of the society.The goal of this
lesson is to articulate ways by which
society is transformed by Science and
Technology.
 INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTION
can be defined as the
historical changes in the
thoughts, beliefs and social
institutions due to new
ideas and principles.
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
•Scientific Revolution" refers to historical
changes in thought & belief, to changes in
social & institutional organization, that
unfolded in Europe between 1550-1700.
 SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
•Since time immemorial Science has
always been interwoven with
the society.
•Science is as old as the world itself.
•There is no individual that can
identify when and where science
began.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

•Science as a body of knowledge.

•It is a subject or a discipline or a field
of study, it deals with the process of
learning about the natural and physical
world. (school science)
SO, HOW CAN
SCIENCE BE DEFINED?
• Science as an idea.
• It includes ideas,
theories and all
available systematic
explanations and
observations about
the natural and
physical world.
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
•Science as an
intellectual
activity.
•The study
involves
systematic
observations
and
experimentatio
ns.
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION

•Science as a personal
and social activity.
•This explains that science
is both knowledge and
activities by humans to
develop better
understanding of the
world around them.
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
• Science is interwoven
with the society.
• Example:
1.The earliest example of brain
surgery goes back around
6thousand years ago in
Cappadocia,Turkey.
Trepanation- making an
opening like a small round hole in
the head.
 SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
2. Thousand-year-old
agricultural practice: China's
solution to sustainable
farming.
The practice of raising fish in
rice paddies by Chinese
farmers, which is more
than1,000 years old, not only
preserves the environment
but also benefits local
communities,
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
3.
M UM M I FI C AT I O N
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Mummification is a
process of
preserving a deceased
human.
• Mummies are classified
based on the method
and the medium of
preservation.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
•Why did the ancient Egyptians mummify
their dead?
•The ancient Egyptians believed that when
someone died, their soul left their body.The
soul would then return and be reunited
with the body after it was buried. However,
the soul needed to be able to find and
recognise the body in order to live forever.
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
•People developed
noble ideas, later
known as
Philosophy to
provide possible
explanation to
certain phenomena.
•People used religion
to rationalize the
SCIENTIFIC
• Was the period of
REVOLUTION
enlightenment when
developments in the fields of
mathematics ,physics,
astronomy, biology and
chemistry
transformed the views of
society about nature.
- Started in Europe.
- Explains the emergence or
birth of modern science as a
result of these developments.
-15th-17th century.
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
 RELIGION VS.
SCIENTIFIC
-REVOLUTION
Some rulers and religious
leaders did not accept
many of the early works of
scientists.
-Scientific individuals were
sentenced to death suffered
condemnation
from religious institutions.
-These did not stop scientists to
satisfy their
 SOME INDIVIDUALS &THEIR
REVOLUTIONARY
• Nicholaus Copernicus IDEAS
-Developed (Copernican Model)
heliocentrism, it is the name
given to the astronomical model
published in 1543.
- It positioned the Sun near the
center of the
Universe,
motionless, with Earth and the other
planets orbiting around it in circular
paths.
- Copernican Model was banned
&
ignored by Rome (16th century)
 CHARLES DARWIN
• Famous for his Theory of
Evolution by Means of
Natural Selection.
- Came from a line of
intellectually gifted and
wealthy family.
-Joined the 5 year voyage through
HMS Beagle on the island of
Galapagos.
-Published The Origin of
Species in 1859.
• Challenge religious and
unscientific ideas
that are deemed prominent
during
those days.
- Provided the framework for
doing scientific activities
marked by observations &
experiments.
 SIGMUND FREUD
• Famous figure in the
field of psychology
• Method of
Psychoanalysis-
a scientific way
to study human
mind & neurotic
illness.
- This method was
unorthodox
focuses human
sexuality and & the
 Human sexuality is the
way people experience and
express themselves
sexually.This involves
biological, erotic, physical,
emotional, social, or spiritual
feelings and behaviors.
CRADLES OF EARLY
SCIENCE

Development of
Science in
Mesoamerica:
• Ex: Maya civilization
Inca
civilization
Aztec
civilization
CRADLES OF EARLY
SCIENCE
• Maya civilization
• Lasted for about 2,000 years.
• Well-known for their works in
Astronomy understanding
celestial bodies, predicting
eclipse & the use of
astrological cycles in planting
and harvesting.
CRADLES OF EARLY
SCIENCE
• Weave cloth, & first people to
produce rubber products around 3,000 years.
-one of the world’s first civilization to use a
writing, the
Mayan hieroglyphics.
-skilled in Mathematics, and developed
number systems based on numeral 20.
CRADLES OF EARLY
SCIENCE
• Inca civilization
• 1438-1533
• Stone buildings
• Irrigation system
• Calendar with 12
mos,
• First suspension
bridge
• Quipu (knotted
ropes)
• Inca textiles
CRADLES OF EARLY
SCIENCE
• Aztec civilization
• were a Mesoamerican culture
that flourished in central
Mexico in the post-classic
period from 1300 to 1521
- Contributions:
1. Mandatory education
2. Chocolates
3. Antispasmodic
medication
4. Chinampa
5. Aztec calendar
6. Invention of canoe
DEVELOPMENT OF
SCIENCE
•India IN ASIA
• Well known for manufacturing iron and
metallurgical works.
• Traditional medicine
• Notable in the field of astronomy
• Known for their mathematics (Aryabhata
476-550)
INDI
A
 CHINA

• Substantial
contributions:
- Medicine
- Astronomy
- Science & Mathematics
- Arts & Philosophy
- Music & among others
CHIN
A
 CHIN
–
A
Technolog
y
 MIDDLE EAST
COUNTRIES

• Are predominantly occupied by the

Muslims.
• The period of Muslim Scholarship
or the Golden Age of Islam
lasted until 13th century
• Placed greater value on Science
Experiments rather than Plain Thought
Experiments
MIDDLE EAST
COUNTRIES

• Ibn al-Haytham
•Regarded as Father of
Optics (empirical
proof)
Intromission Theory of
Light
MIDDLE EAST
COUNTRIES

• Muhammad Ibn Musa al-

Khwarizmi
• Mathematics
- The concept of algorithm
-Algebra derived from
al-jabar The beginning of
the title
of one of his publications.
 MIDDLE EAST
COUNTRIES
• Ibn Sina
-Pioneered the
science of
Experimental
Medicine
-Discovery of contagious
disease& Introduction of
Clinical
Pharmacology.
MIDDLE EAST
COUNTRIES
• Jabir Ibn Hayyan Father of
Chemistry
• The foundation of Modern
chemistry.
MIDDLE EAST
COUNTRIES

•Golden Age of
Islam started
around 11th-
13th century
Mongols
conquered
Islam.
DEVELOPMENT OF
SCIENCE IN AFRICA

•Astronom
y
•Mathemati
cs
•Medicine
•Alchemy
Development of Science in
Africa
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE
IN AFRICA
-Egyptians are good
in 4 fundamental
mathematical
operations
and other
mathematical skills.
-Have basic
knowledge on
Algebra &
Thank You!