Computer Maintenance

Introduction to Computer
maintenance?
What is Computer maintenance?
 Is the practice of keeping computers in a
good state of repair.
 A computer containing accumulated dust
and debris that may make it not run properly.
 Dust and debris will accumulate as a result
of air cooling.
 Any filters used to mitigate this, need a
regular service and changes.
 If the cooling system is not filtered then
regular computer cleaning may prevent
short circuits and overheating
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
Importance of computer maintenance
1. It helps to clear the inner and outer
workings of a computer.
2. In order for a computer to work
effectively without failure,
maintenance has to take place.
3. Maximize software efficiency
4. Speed up your computer.
5. Detect issues early before they
become problems
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
Definitions
1. What is a Computer?
Computer is an electronic device
that can process and stores the
information or data.
2. What is Information?
Information in computer
terminology mean what we get
after processing data (meaningful
data).
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
3. What is Data?
Data in computer terminology
mean Raw facts and figures.
4. What is Data Storing?
Storing the data means keeping
or holding the data in digital
format.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
5. What is processing?
Performing both logical and
arithmetic operations according to
user given instructions or user
written program or installed
software.
6. What is Computer Hardware?
The physical components of a
computer system are called as
computer hardware.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
7. What is software?
1. Set of instructions or programs
which will be used to control the
operation of a computer system
and to perform tasks are called
as Software.
2. Collections of integrated
programs
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
What is a Program?
A computer program, or just a
program, is a set of instructions,
written to perform a specified
task in a computer.
9. What is firmware?
1. Software permanently stored in
hardware (Ex: Software stored in
BIOS).
2. Embedded software
Introduction to Computer
maintenance (Continued)
10. What is Peripheral?
Input / Output device like Printer,
Scanner, Web Camera etc.
Those are not the part of the Computer,
they are separate devices, for a specific
purpose we attach them to Computer
11. What is a Computer system?
Computer with software installed and
peripherals connected is called as
computer system.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance (Continued)
Computer Parts and Peripherals
1. Computer Case /Chassis/Cabinet
 A computer case (also known as the computer
chassis, box or housing) is the enclosure that
contains the main components of a computer.
2. Motherboard / Mainboard /System board
 The main printed circuit board in a computer
that carries the system buses.
 It is equipped with sockets to which all
processors, memory modules, plug-in cards,
daughter boards, or peripheral devices are
connected.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)

1. Computer Case /Chassis/Cabinet

Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)

2. Motherboard / Mainboard
/System board
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
3. CPU / Processor
 Central Processing Unit /
Processor .
The brain of the computer.
 The device capable of
performing Arithmetic and Logical
operations on data.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)

3. CPU / Processor
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
4. Memory /RAM
Abbreviation for Random Access
Memory.
Operating System Software,
programs and data are usually
copied into RAM from a disk drive
for the central processing unit
(CPU) to have fast and direct
access when needed to perform
tasks.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)

4. Memory /RAM
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
5. Display / Video/Graphics
Adapter
Display Adapter is an expansion
card which generates a feed of
output images to a display.
It converts digital signals into
video signals.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)

5. Display / Video/Graphics Adapter

Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
6. Hard Disk Drive
A hard disk Drive is a computer
storage device that stores data
on rotating magnetic surfaces
permanently.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
7. Floppy Disk Drive
A drive that reads from or writes
to separate diskettes which the
user inserts.
Information is stored on the
diskettes themselves.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
8.Optical Disc Drive (ODD)
An optical disk drive is a storage
device that uses light or lasers to
store or retrieve information.
Common types include CD or
DVD drives.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
9. Sound Card / Audio Adapter
A sound card is an internal
computer expansion card that
facilitates the input and output of
audio signals to and from a
computer
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
10. LAN / Ethernet Adapter
The Ethernet card provides a
standardized way of connecting
computers together to create a
network.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
11. MODEM(Modulator and
Demodulator)
A device that allows two computers to
communicate over telephone lines.
It converts digital computer signals
into analog and converts the analog
signal back into a digital format
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
12. Monitor
 The monitor displays the video and graphics
information generated by the computer
through the video card.
 Monitors are very similar to televisions with
high resolution.
 LCD is Liquid Crystal Display

LCD Monitor
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
13. Keyboard
The keyboard is an input device
designed to enter text,
characters and other commands
into a computer or similar device.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
14. Mouse
The mouse is a part of a
computer which provides the
major way of interacting with
graphical user interfaces on a
computer.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
15. Printer
A computer printer is a computer
peripheral device that produces a hard
copy (permanent human readable text
and/or graphics, usually on paper) from
data stored in a computer connected to
it.
16. Scanner
A device that reads a printed page and
converts it into a graphics image (Soft
Copy) for the computer
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
17 Web Cam
Used to capture images and
videos and transfer them over
Web or Internet
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
18. Microphone
A microphone, sometimes called
a Mic (pronounced “mike”), is a
device that converts sound into
an electrical signal.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
19. Speakers
You need speakers to hear the
sound generated by a sound
card.
You should buy speakers with a
built-in amplifier to strengthen
the sound signal and improve the
performance.
Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)

Speaker on the motherboard

Computer Parts and
Peripherals(Continued)
20. Thumb Drive / Pen Drive
/USB Flash Drive
A USB Flash Drive is used as a
small, lightweight, removable
data storage device. This hot-
swappable, non-volatile.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
What is a computer?
Computer is defined as an
electronic machine which gets
input from the user, processes
the data and produces the result
as the output.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
A computer is an electronic device
that can perform variety of operations
in accordance with the set of
instructions called program
Computer can access and process
data millions of times faster than
humans can.
A computer can store data and
information in its memory, process
them and produce the desired results.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
Difference between hardware and
software?
Software: it is a collection of
integrated programs.
Means it carefully organized
instructions and codes written by a
programmer/developer in any various
particular programming language.
Program: is a set of instructions
written to perform a particular task.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
Software
Software is the set of
instructions or programs that
the computer uses to accomplish
certain goals.
Both, hardware and software
process data and make it more
orderly, timely, or accurate.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
Hardware
 Hardware is the computer equipment and
its parts
 Hardware is the physical equipment in the
Computer system.
There are four basic categories of hardware.
 These categories are designed by their
function in the system:
(1) Input
(2) Processing,
(3) Output
(4) Storage
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
Computer hardware consists
largely of devices to perform the
functions of input, processing,
output, and storage.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
Type of software/Nature of
software
1. System software:
System software is software
developed to provide platform for
other software.
It is interaction(interface)
between hardware and
application software
Example: operating systems like
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
2. Application Software:
Application software is a
computer program designed to
carry out a task as per user or
business need.
Example: Social media apps,
gaming apps, word processing
apps, Multimedia apps, banking
apps, shopping apps, booking
apps.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
3. Engineering and scientific
software:
This software is used to facilitate
the engineering function and take
real time data.
It has very high accuracy,
complex formula evolution and
data analysis.
Example: weather prediction
apps, stock market apps, Stress
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
4. Embedded software:
Embedded software resides
within the system or product and
it is used to control or implement
the features and function for end-
user and for the system itself.
They are also called Firmware
Example: switches, routers,
traffic control
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
5. Web application software
It is client-server computer
software whereby the client runs
on web browsers.
Web apps can be little more than
a set of linked hypertext files
Example: online forms, Gmail,
Yahoo, file conversion etc.
Introduction to Computer
maintenance? (Continued)
6. Artificial intelligence software
It uses non numerical algorithm
to solve complex problems.
Application within this area
includes Robotics, expert system,
pattern recognition and game
playing
Example: Google cloud, Azure
Studio etc.
Components of a computer
Functional components of a
computer
A computer follows Input-
Process-Output cycle,
So the first stage in Computer is
performed by Input unit,
The second stage in computer is
performed by its central process
unit
The third stage in computer is
Components of a
computer(Continued)
Components of a
computer(Continued)
The input unit
The input unit is formed by input
devices attached to the computer.
 Example:

1. Mouse
2. Keyboard
3. Microphone etc..
The input unit takes the input and
converts it into binary form so that it
can be understood by the computer
Components of a
computer(Continued)
Central Processing unit (CPU)
The CPU is the control Centre for
a computer. It guides, directs and
governs the performance of a
computer.
It is the brain of the computer.
The CPU has two components
which are responsible for
different functions
Components of a
computer(Continued)
CPU components are :
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
2. Control Unit.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The ALU performs all the four
arithmetical(+,-,*,/) and some
logic (<,>,=,<=,>=,<>)
operations
Components of a
computer(Continued)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

For example: When two numbers

are required to be added, these
numbers are sent from memory
to ALU where addition takes place
and the result is put back in the
memory. In the same way other
operations are performed.
Components of a
computer(Continued)
Control Unit(CU)
Control Unit: The CU controls and
guides
1. Interpretation
2. Flow
3. manipulation
The CU sends control signals until
the required operations are done
by The ALU and memory
Components of a
computer(Continued)
Control Unit (CU) also perform another
important function which is the
execution of programs.
The CU gets program instructions from
the memory and executes them one
after the other.

The output Unit

The Output Unit is formed by the output
devices attached to the computer.
Components of a
computer(Continued)
The output coming from the CPU
is in the form of electronic binary
signals which needs conversion in
some form which can be easily
understood by human beings.
The memory
If the computer has a brain (CPU),
it must also have the faculty we
call memory..
Components of a
computer(Continued)
The memory(RAM)
is where data and instructions
are internally stored before,
during, and after processing.
All data and instructions must be
placed in primary memory(RAM)
before the microprocessor can
process them
Components of a
computer(Continued)
Secondary storage/hard disk
Secondary storage, also known as
auxiliary storage or external memory,
is a type of data storage that provides
non-volatile, long-term storage.
 Example:

1. Hard drives
2. CD and DVD
3. Memory chip/SSD (solid state storage)
4. Flash drive/USB
Components of a
computer(Continued)
Unlike primary storage (e.g.,
RAM) which is directly accessible
by the Central Processing Unit
(CPU) and is volatile, meaning it
loses data when the computer is
switched off,
Secondary storage retains data
even after the system is powered
down.